Edward Oxford (1822–1900) was an English man who made an assassination attempt on Queen Victoria in 1840. After losing a series of jobs in pubs due to erratic and violent behaviour, he bought two pistols and fired twice at the queen and her husband, Prince Albert; neither shot hit anyone. Charged with high treason, he was found by a jury to be not guilty by reason of insanity, and was detained at Bethlem Royal Hospital and Broadmoor Hospital. Offered exile in 1867, he settled in Melbourne, Australia, under a new name. He worked as a decorator, married and became a respected figure at his local church. He began writing stories for The Argus on the seedier aspects of Melbourne, and later published a book, Lights and Shadows of Melbourne Life. Oxford's trial and the 1843 trial of Daniel M'Naghten, who killed civil servant Edward Drummond, prompted the judiciary to frame the M'Naghten rules on instructions to be given to a jury for a defence of insanity. (Full article...)

Andrew J. Evans Jr.

• ... that Andrew J. Evans Jr. (pictured) was the highest-ranking United States Air Force prisoner during the Korean War?
• ... that the film Critical Zone was shot in secret by Ali Ahmadzadeh without permission from Iranian authorities?
• ... that nine-year-old Muskan Ahirwar started a library for the children in her slum that now contains more than 3,000 books?
• ... that Wilfried Nancy became the first Black coach to win the MLS Cup in 2023?
• ... that Sandra Elkin, discussing basic information on women's topics on Woman, "radicalized" women into supporting women's rights?
• ... that some people have asked whether they can pay for their Singapore hotel stay using a travel card?
• ... that the YouTuber CaptainSparklez set three Guinness World Records with a Minecraft song parody?
• ... that the bad handwriting of British doctors has been blamed on the small size of their medical-record envelopes?

SLIM lunar lander model

• Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's SLIM lunar module (model pictured) lands on the Moon.
• Iran launches missile strikes in Pakistan and aerial strikes in Iraq and Syria, and Pakistan responds with retaliatory airstrikes.
• Bernardo Arévalo is inaugurated as President of Guatemala after multiple attempts to obstruct the event.
• Queen Margrethe II abdicates and is succeeded by Frederik X as King of Denmark.
• Lai Ching-te is elected President of Taiwan.

January 22: Day of Unity of Ukraine (1919)

Apollo 5

• 1273 – Muhammad II became Sultan of Granada after his father's death in a riding accident.
• 1924 – Ramsay MacDonald took office as the first prime minister of the United Kingdom from the Labour Party.
• 1943 – World War II: The Battle of Buna–Gona on New Guinea ended with an Allied victory after two months of difficult fighting against well-prepared Japanese defence.
• 1968 – Apollo 5 (pictured), the first flight of NASA's Lunar Module, lifted off from Cape Kennedy Air Force Station.
• 1979 – Uganda–Tanzania War: After surrounding Mutukula the previous day, Tanzanian forces attacked the town in the Battle of Mutukula and caused Ugandan forces to flee.