Cutar huhu na yau da kullun
Ciwon huhu na yau da kullun (COPD) wani nau'in cutar huhu ne mai toshewa wanda ke da matsalar numfashi na dogon lokaci da rashin isasshen iska.[1][2] Babban alamun sun hada da karancin numfashi da tari tare da samar da sputum.[1] COPD cuta ce mai ci gaba, ma'ana yawanci takan tsananta akan lokaci.[3] Daga ƙarshe, ayyukan yau da kullun kamar tafiya ko yin sutura suna zama da wahala.[4] Cutar sankara na yau da kullun da emphysema sune tsoffin kalmomin da ake amfani da su don nau'ikan COPD daban-daban.[5][6][7] Har ila yau ana amfani da kalmar "nau'i-nau'i na mashako" don ma'anar tari mai amfani wanda ke samuwa na akalla watanni uku a kowace shekara har tsawon shekaru biyu.[1] Wadanda ke da irin wannan tari suna cikin hadarin hadaka COPD.[8] Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar "emphysema" don rashin kasancewar iska ko wani iskar gas a cikin kyallen takarda.[9]
| Cutar huhu na yau da kullun | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri | obstructive lung disease (en) cuta |
| Specialty (en) | pulmonology (en) |
| Sanadi | smoking (en) dust (en) |
| Symptoms and signs (en) | dyspnea (en) , tari wheeze (en) |
| Physical examination (en) | spirometry (en) arterial blood gas analysis (en) |
| Genetic association (en) | CHRNA3 (en) , FAM13A (en) , RIN3 (en) , FAM19A2 (en) , SCLT1 (en) , TGFB2 (en) , SCGB1A1 (en) , ASRGL1 (en) , ATP2C2 (en) , ANXA11 (en) , HLA-C (en) , SFTPD (en) , PSORS1C1 (en) , JAKMIP3 (en) , P2RX7 (en) , EYA1 (en) , HYDIN (en) , RNF150 (en) , CDYL (en) , ANXA5 (en) , PLCE1 (en) , FTO (en) da FAM13A (en) |
| Medical treatment (en) | |
| Magani | (RS)-clenbuterol (en) , indacaterol maleate (en) , fluticasone furoate (en) , ambroxol (en) , indacaterol (en) , glycopyrrolate (en) , formoterol (en) , erdosteine (en) , bambuterol (en) , L-carbocysteine (en) da etofylline (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | J44.9 |
| ICD-9-CM | 496 da 490-496.99 |
| ICD-10 | J44 |
| ICD-9 | 490, 492, 494 da 496 |
| OMIM | 606963 |
| DiseasesDB | 2672 |
| MedlinePlus | 000091 |
| eMedicine | 000091 |
| MeSH | D029424 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:3083 |
Mafi yawan sanadin COPD shine shan taba, tare da mananan adadin lokuta saboda dalilai kamar gurbataccen iska da kwayoyin halitta.[10] A cikin kasashe masu tasowa, daya daga cikin tushen gurbacewar iska shine rashin hura wutar lantarki da dafa abinci.[4] Tsawon lokaci ga wadannan abubuwan haushi yana haifar da amsa mai kumburi a cikin huhu, yana haifar da kunkuntar kananan hanyoyin iska da rushewar kwayar huhu.[11] Sakamakon ganewar asali ya dogara ne akan rashin kyawun iska kamar yadda aka auna ta gwajin aikin huhu.[12] Sabanin asma, raguwar kwararar iska baya inganta sosai tare da amfani da bronchodilator.[4][13]
Yawancin lokuta na COPD za a iya hana su ta hanyar rage hadari ga abubuwan hadari.[14] Wannan ya hada da rage yawan shan taba da inganta ingancin iska na cikin gida da waje.[4] Duk da yake jiyya na iya raguwa da tabarbarewa, ba a san magani ba.[4] Magungunan COPD sun hada da daina shan taba, alluran rigakafi, gyaran numfashi, da sau da yawa shakar bronchodilator da steroids.[10] Wasu mutane na iya amfana daga dogon lokaci na maganin oxygen ko dashen huhu.[11] A cikin wadanda ke da lokuta na muni mai tsanani, ana iya bukatar karin amfani da magunguna, maganin rigakafi, steroids, da asibiti.[10][15]
Ya zuwa 2015, COPD ta shafi kusan mutane miliyan 174.5 (2.4% na yawan al'ummar duniya).[16] Yawanci yana faruwa a cikin mutanen da suka haura shekaru 40.[4] Maza da mata suna fama daidai da yawa. A shekarar 2015, ta yi sanadin mutuwar mutane miliyan 3.2, fiye da kashi 90 cikin 100 a kasashe masu tasowa,[4] sama da miliyan 2.4 a shekarar 1990.[17][18] An yi hasashen adadin wadanda suka mutu zai karu saboda karuwar yawan shan taba a kasashe masu tasowa, da kuma yawan tsufa a duniya. kasashe da dama.[19] Ya haifar da kiyasin tsadar tattalin arziki na dalar Amurka tiriliyan 2.1 a cikin 2010.[20]