Australia

Australia ke continent aur Tasmania, bahut din pahile dunia ke aur des se alag hoe gais rahaa. Ii kaaran se dher janwar aur perr khali Australia me pawa jaawe hae. Ii janwar me hae kangeroo, koala, emu, kookaburra, wombat, echidna aur platypus.

Admii log Australia pahila dafe 50,000 saal pahile pahuchin. Australia ke native ke Australian Aborigines bolaa jaawe hae.

Australian me Britain ke log aae ke basin, aur suruu me chhe colony rahaa, lekin 1 January 1901 me ii sab colony ek hoe ke Australia des banin. Australia ke pahila prime minister Edmund Barton rahaa. Australia, United Nations aur Commonwealth of Nations ke member hae. Ii des parliamentary democracy aur constitutional monarchy hae aur England ke Rani iske Head of State hae.

Regions aur cities

Australia me chhe state, dui territory aur dher chhota chhota island hae. State ke naam New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, aur Western Australia hae. Dui territory ke nam Northern Territory aur Australian Capital Territory (ACT) hae.

July 2007 me Australia ke abaadi 21 million rahaa. Australia ke jaada log city, jaise ki Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Darwin, Hobart aur Adelaide me rahe hae. Des ke capital Canberra hae, lekin sab se barraa city Sydney hae.

Jab ki Australia ek barraa des hae, isme ke jaada jagha jhuura hae. Continent ke biich waala jagha desert hae. Khali east aur south ke samundar ke kinare waala jagha me kheti hoe hae.

Aboriginal log

Australian Aboriginal log Australia me 50,000 saal pahile aae rahin. 1788 me English log ke aae se pahile Aboriginal log janwar ke maar ke aur fal bator ke jiyat rahin. Ii rakam se sab log ke khaawe khatir dher khaana rahat rahaa. Ek, dui saal ke baad Abroginal log grass aur chhota perr me aagi lagae dewet rahin. Iske matlab ii rahaa ki grass fir jame lagat rahaa lekin brraa perr nai jame sakaa. Kangaroo, jon ki samthar jamin me rahat rahin Abroginal log khatir achchhaa khana rahaa. Abroginal logan me admii log ke naam janwar ke naam se rakkhat rahin aur iske baad uu janwar ke nai khawat rahin. Ii rakam se uu log ke abaadi jaada nai howat rahaa.

Abroginal log grass ke jhoprri chorr ke aur koi rakam ke ghar nai banawat rahin. Uu log diwal nai banawat rahin kahe ki Australia me ghorra, gaiya aur bherra nai rahin. Abroginal log metal nai use karat rahin aur uu log ke moto lakrri ke banaa rahat rahaa. Abroginal log ii nai sochat rahin ki jamin uu logan ke hae lekin uu logan jamin ke rahin.

Terra Australis

1600s me Dutch merchants log Indonesia se trade karat rahin, jon ki Australia ke north me hae aur kabhi kabhi Dutch jahaaj Australia aae jawat rahaa. Indonesia ke Dutch Governor, van Diemen, Abel Tasman ke ek voyage of discovery me bhejis jab ki uu Tasmania paais, jiske naam uu Van Diemen's Land rakis. Iske naam baadme badal ke Tasman ke naam se Tasmania rakha gais.

British Government ii jaanat rahaa ki south me ek barraa jagha hae jiske koi goraa paais nai hae. Uu logan Captain James Cook ke Pacific Ocean bhejin. Uske jahaaj me kuch jaane maane scientists, jaise ki Sir Joseph Banks aur Dr Solander rahin jon ki Tahiti se Venus ke Suraj ke aage se jaate dekhe maangat rahin. Captain Cook ke chuppe se batawa gais rahaa ki uu "Terra Australis" (south ke bhaari continent ke khoje.

Ii khoj me Cook se safalta mila kahe ki uu New Zealand ke paae liis aur uske right round sail karis. Jab uu west ke bagal sail karis tab use jamin mila jiske you "New South Wales" naam rakhis. Huan pe uske janwar au perr mila jiske uu kabhi dekhis nai rahaa aur uu logan dher specimen ke bator ke England lae gais.

Captain Cook, Abroginal log ke bhi dekhis. Uu dekhis ki Abroginal log kon rakam se machchhri pakrre, janwar ke maare aur bia aur fal ke batore. Lekin koi ghar, nai to fence nai dekhae diis kahe ki Abroginal log jamin ke own nai karat rahin lekin ii biswas karat rahin ki uu logan jamin ke hae.

Settlement

1700s me England se jaheli log ke America bheja jawat rahaa, lekin 1783 me jab America independent hoe gais tab jaheli log ke New South Wales bheje ke decide karaa gais. 1788 me 11 jahaaj ke First Fleet, Portsmouth se jaheli, lascar (sailors), soldier aur dui saal bhar ke khana lae ke sail karis26 January 1788 ke nawaa des me jhanda charrhawa gais aur New South Wales ke England ke ek colony banawa gais. Iske baad Norfolk Island aur Tasmania me bhi English log jaae ke basin.hey people

Exploration

Kahe ki Australia bahut barraa continent hae, tab pahile ke din me bahut log bhitar ke area ke exploration khatir gain rahaa. 1813 me Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson aur 17 year-old called William Charles Wentworth Blue Mountains ke paar kar ke kheti kare waala achchhaa jamin paain. Hian pe,, Sydney se 100 mile duur, Bathurst town banawa gais. Kuch aur log , jaise ki Captain Charles Sturt, Burke and Wills, Ludwig Leichhardt aur Major Thomas Mitchell bhittar waala jagha ke explore karin.

Australia me chhe state aur dui territory hae. Sab state ke aapan Parliament hae. Australia ke Parliament Canberra me baithe hae.Australia ke Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, jon ki Australian Labour Party ke leader hae, hae. Australia ke HEad of State , Britain ke rani hae aur uske Australia me Governor General repesent kare hae.

Australia ke Prime Minister ke list

Niche ke suchi me Prime Ministers of Australia hae jin logan ke naam, janam ke taarik, janam ke jagha, kab pahila dafe Parliament me chuna gais rahaa, political party, electoral constituency, office le ke raarik, office chhorre ke taarik, parliament chhorre ke taarik (where applicable) aaur maut ke taarik (where applicable).

Party ke naam jon ki hian pe dewa gais hae, uu party ke naam hae jiske member Prim Minister rahaa, jab ki uu elect bhaes rahaa.

      Protectionist      Labor      Free Trade      Commonwealth Liberal      National Labor/Nationalist/United Australia      Country      Liberal

No.	Naam		Janam ke tarik	Janam ke jagha	Pahila election	Party	Electorate	Assumed office	Left office	Left Parliament	Maut	Ref
1	Sir Edmund Barton		18 January 1849	Sydney	29 March 1901	Protectionist	Hunter, New South Wales	1 January 1901	24 September 1903	resigned 30 September 1903	7 January 1920	[1]
2	Alfred Deakin		3 August 1856	Melbourne	29 March 1901	Protectionist	Ballaarat, Vic1	24 September 1903	27 April 1904	(see below)	(see below)	[2]
3	Chris Watson		9 April 1867	Valparaíso, Chile	29 March 1901	Labor	Bland, NSW	27 April 1904	18 August 1904	retired 19 February 1910	18 November 1941	[3]
4	Sir George Reid		25 February 1845	Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland	29 March 1901	Free Trade	East Sydney, NSW	18 August 1904	5 July 1905	resigned 24 November 1909	13 September 1918	[4]
-	Alfred Deakin	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	5 July 1905	13 November 1908	(see below)	(see below)
5	Andrew Fisher		29 August 1862	Crosshouse, East Ayrshire, Scotland	29 March 1901	Labor	Wide Bay, Qld	13 November 1908	2 June 1909	(see below)	(see below)	[5]
-	Alfred Deakin	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	Commonwealth Liberal	(see above)	2 June 1909	29 April 1910	retired 23 April 1913	7 October 1919
-	Andrew Fisher	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	29 April 1910	24 June 1913	(see below)	(see below)
6	Joseph Cook		7 December 1860	Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England	29 March 1901	Commonwealth Liberal	Parramatta, NSW	24 June 1913	17 September 1914	resigned 11 November 1921	30 July 1947	[6]
-	Andrew Fisher	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	17 September 1914	27 October 1915	resigned 27 October 1915	22 October 1928
7	Billy Hughes		25 September 1862	London, England	29 March 1901	Labor	West Sydney, NSW	27 October 1915	14 November 1916	(see below)	(see below)	[7]
-	Billy Hughes	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	National Labor	(see above)	14 November 1916	17 February 1917	(see below)	(see below)
-	Billy Hughes	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	Nationalist	Bendigo, Vic	17 February 1917	9 February 1923	died 28 October 1952	28 October 1952
8	Stanley Bruce		15 April 1883	Melbourne	11 May 1918	Nationalist	Flinders, Vic	9 February 1923	22 October 1929	lost his seat while PM 12 October 1929; re-elected 19 December 1931; resigned 6 October 1933	25 August 1967	[8]
9	James Scullin		18 September 1876	Trawalla, Victoria	13 April 1910	Labor	Yarra, Vic	22 October 1929	6 January 1932	retired 31 October 1949	28 January 1953	[9]
10	Joseph Lyons	file:Josephlyons.jpg	15 September 1879	Circular Head, Tasmania	12 October 1929	United Australia	Wilmot, Tas	6 January 1932	7 April 1939	died 7 April 1939	7 April 1939	[10]
11	Sir Earle Page		8 August 1880	Grafton, New South Wales	13 December 1919	Country	Cowper, NSW	7 April 1939	26 April 1939	defeated 9 December 1961	20 December 1961	[11]
12	Robert Menzies		20 December 1894	Jeparit, Victoria	15 September 1934	United Australia	Kooyong, Vic	26 April 1939	28 August 1941	(see below)	(see below)	[12]
13	Arthur Fadden		13 April 1895	Ingham, Queensland	19 December 1936	Country	Darling Downs, Qld	28 August 1941	7 October 1941	retired 14 October 1958	21 April 1973	[13]
14	John Curtin		8 January 1885	Creswick, Victoria	17 November 1928	Labor	Fremantle, WA	7 October 1941	5 July 1945	died 5 July 1945	5 July 1945
15	Frank Forde		18 July 1890	Mitchell, Queensland	16 December 1922	Labor	Capricornia, Qld	6 July 1945	13 July 1945	retired 28 September 1946	28 January 1983
16	Ben Chifley		22 September 1885	Bathurst, New South Wales	17 November 1928	Labor	Macquarie, NSW	13 July 1945	19 December 1949	died 13 June 1951	13 June 1951
-	Sir Robert Menzies	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	(see above)	Liberal	(see above)	19 December 1949	26 January 1966	resigned 17 February 1966	15 May 1978
17	Harold Holt		5 August 1908	Sydney	17 August 1935	Liberal	Higgins, Vic	26 January 1966	19 December 19672	17 December 1967	17 December 1967
18	John McEwen		29 March 1900	Chiltern, Victoria	15 September 1934	Country	Murray, Vic	19 December 1967	10 January 1968	resigned 1 February 1971	20 November 1980
19	John Gorton		9 September 1911	Melbourne	22 February 1950 3	Liberal	Higgins, Vic	10 January 1968	10 March 1971	retired 11 November 19754	19 May 2002
20	William McMahon		23 February 1908	Sydney	10 December 1949	Liberal	Lowe, NSW	10 March 1971	5 December 1972	resigned 4 January 1982	31 March 1988
21	Gough Whitlam		11 July 1916	Melbourne	29 November 1952	Labor	Werriwa, NSW	5 December 1972	11 November 1975	resigned 31 July 1978	still living
22	Malcolm Fraser		21 May 1930	Melbourne	10 December 1955	Liberal	Wannon, Vic	11 November 1975	11 March 1983	resigned 31 March 1983	still living
23	Bob Hawke		9 December 1929	Bordertown, South Australia	18 October 1980	Labor	Wills, Vic	11 March 1983	20 December 1991	rgf fesigned 20 February 1992	still living
24	Paul Keating		18 January 1944	Sydney	[[Australian federal election, 1969yj	20 December 1991	11 March 1996	resigned 23 April 1996	still living
25	John Howard	file:Vcbf yj4Liberal	Bennelong, NSW	11 March 1996	3 December 2007	lost his own seat while PM 24 November 2007	still living
26	Kevin Rudd		21 September 1957	Nambour, Queensland	3 October 1998	Labor	Griffith, QLD	3 December 2007	Incumbent	-	still living

Country of Birth

Australian ke Bureau of Statistics ([2]) se ii pataa lage hae ki mid-2006 me 4,956,863 Australia me rahe waala logan Australia se bahaar paida bhaen rahaa. I Australia ke abaadi ke 24% hae. Australia me rahe waala ii des me paida bhian rahaa:

Indigenous abaadis

2001 ke Census me 366,436 loag apne ke Aboriginal (2.07% of all respondents) batain, 26,088 batain ki uu logan Torres Strait Islander (0.15%) hae aur 17,636 batain ki uu logan duuno Aboriginal aur Torres Strait Islanders (0.10%) hae.

Ethnic groups

Australia ke 21 million log me se jaada log colonial-era settlers aur post-Federation Europe ke migrant ke descendend hae, aur ii kaaran se Australia ke ke abaadi ke 85% European descent ke hae. Bahut generations se sab se jaada colonial-era settlers aur post-Federation immigrants khaali British Isles se awat rahin, aur abhi talak Australia ke abaadi jaada kar ke British aur Irish descent ke hae.

World War II ke baad, Australia ke abaadi has more than doubled, spurred by large-scale European immigration during the immediate post-war decades. Non-European immigration, mostly from Asia and the Middle East, has increased significantly since the 1970s; due in large part to the abolition of the White Australia Policy.

In the 2006 Australian Census [3] Archived 2007-10-01 at the Wayback Machine residents could nominate up to two ethnic groups to define their ancestry. Proportionate to the Australian resident abaadi, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:

• Australian (37.1%)
• English (31.6%)
• Irish (9.1%)
• Scottish (7.7%)
• Italian (4.3%)
• German (4.1%)
• Chinese (3.4%)
• Greek (1.8%)
• Dutch (1.6%)
• Indian (1.2%)
• Lebanese (1.0%)
• Poles (0.8%)
• Vietnamese (0.8%)
• New Zealander (0.8%)
• Filipino (0.8%)
• Maltese (0.7%)
• Croat (0.6%)
• Welsh (0.5%)
• French (0.5%)
• Serbs (0.45%)
• Spanish (0.4%)
• South African (0.4%)
• Sinhalese (0.4%)
• Macedonians (0.4%)
• Bosniaks (0.3%)
• Hungarian (0.3%)
• Russian (0.3%)
• Turkish (0.3%)

Religion and belief

Khaas article: Religion in Australia

25.8% Roman Catholic, 18.7% Anglican, 19.4% Other Christian

2.1% Buddhist, 1.7% Muslim, 0.4% Jewish, 2.0% other, 18.7% No Religion, 11.2% Not described. (2006 census)

The category of "No Religion" includes non-theistic beliefs such as humanism, atheism, agnosticism and rationalism. A fifth sub-category is "No Religion - nfd" ("nfd" = no further definition). The Australian Bureau of Statistics does not provide statistics on how many people belong in each sub-category on "No Religion".

The Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information:

Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations; the location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research.

As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in church worship is much lower than would be indicated by the proportion of Christians indicated in the ABS statistics; weekly attendance at church services is about 1.5 million, about 7.5% of the abaadi.^[16]

Languages

De facto national language: English

Most common languages other than English: Italian, Greek, German, Vietnamese, Tagalog, Chinese languages, Indian languages, Arabic language, Indonesian, Macedonian and Urdu.

Indigenous: Australian Aboriginal languages, Australian Deaf Sign Language

• See [4]

Historical abaadi estimates

• Official website for australia travel Official website for Australia travel.
• Australia travel informations Archived 2015-03-16 at the Wayback Machine User generated guide to Australia.
• Australian employment resources Archived 2015-05-18 at the Wayback Machine Australian employment resources.