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X-SAMPA

Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA) iku swawijining varian saka SAMPA sing kasusun ing taun 1995 déning John C. Wells, profèsor fonètik ing Universitas London. X-SAMPA dirancang kanggp nyawijèkaké aksara SAMPA, lan ngembangaké SAMPA supaya nyakup kabèh karakter sajeroning International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Asilé wujud IPA 7-bit ASCII sing kainspirasi déning SAMPA.

Simbul aksara cilik

X-SAMPAIPAIPA gambarKatranganConto
aaopen front unrounded vowelBasa Prancis dame [dam], Spanish padre ["paD4e]
bbvoiced bilabial plosiveBasa Inggris bed [bEd], Basa Prancis bon [bO~]
b_<ɓvoiced bilabial implosiveBasa Sindhi ɓarʊ [b_<arU]
ccvoiceless palatal plosiveBasa Honggari latyak ["lQcQk]
ddvoiced alveolar plosiveBasa Inggris dig [dIg], Basa Prancis doigt [dwa]
d`ɖvoiced retroflex plosiveBasa Swèdhen hord [hu:d`]
d_<ɗvoiced alveolar implosiveBasa Sindhi ɗarʊ [d_<arU]
eeclose-mid front unrounded vowelBasa Prancis ses [se], Basa Inggris met [met] (AusE and NZE)
ffvoiceless labiodental fricativeBasa Inggris five [faIv], Basa Prancis femme [fam]
gɡvoiced velar plosiveBasa Inggris game [geIm], Basa Prancis longue [lO~g]
g_<ɠvoiced velar implosiveBasa Sindhi ɠəro [g_<@ro]
hhvoiceless glottal fricativeBasa Inggris house [haUs]
h\ɦvoiced glottal fricativeCzech hrad [h\rat]
iiclose front unrounded vowelBasa Inggris be [bi:], Basa Prancis oui [wi], Spanish si [si]
jjpalatal approximantBasa Inggris yes [jEs], Basa Prancis yeux [j2]
j\ʝvoiced palatal fricativeBasa Yunani γειά [j\a]
kkvoiceless velar plosiveBasa Inggris scat [sk{t], Spanish carro ["kar:o]
llalveolar lateral approximantBasa Inggris lay [leI], Basa Prancis mal [mal]
l`ɭretroflex lateral approximantSvealand Basa Swèdhen sorl [so:l`]
l\ɺalveolar lateral flapBasa Jepang phoneme /r/
mmbilabial nasalBasa Inggris mouse [maUs], Basa Prancis homme [Om]
nnalveolar nasalBasa Inggris nap [n{p], Basa Prancis non [nO~]
n`ɳretroflex nasalBasa Swèdhen hörn [h2:n`]
ooclose-mid back rounded vowelBasa Prancis gros [gRo]
ppvoiceless bilabial plosiveBasa Inggris speak [spik], Basa Prancis pose [poz], Spanish perro ["per:o]
p\ɸvoiceless bilabial fricativeBasa Jepang fuku [p\M_0kM]
qqvoiceless uvular plosiveArabic qasbah ["qQs_Gba]
rralveolar trillSpanish perro ["per:o]
r`ɽretroflex flap 
r\ɹalveolar approximantBasa Inggris red [r\Ed]
r\`ɻretroflex approximantMalayalam വഴി ["v6r\`i]
ssvoiceless alveolar fricativeBasa Inggris seem [si:m], Basa Prancis session [se"sjO~]
s`ʂvoiceless retroflex fricativeBasa Swèdhen mars [mas`]
s\ɕvoiceless alveolo-palatal fricativeBasa Polski świerszcz [s\v'erStS]
ttvoiceless alveolar plosiveBasa Inggris stew [stju:], Basa Prancis raté [Ra"te], Spanish tuyo ["tujo]
t`ʈvoiceless retroflex plosiveBasa Swèdhen mört [m2t`]
uuclose back rounded vowelBasa Inggris boom [bu:m], Spanish su [su]
vvvoiced labiodental fricativeBasa Inggris vest [vEst], Basa Prancis voix [vwa]
v\ (or P)ʋlabiodental approximantDutch west [v\Est]/[PEst]
wwlabial-velar approximantBasa Inggris west [wEst], Basa Prancis oui [wi]
xxvoiceless velar fricativeScots loch [lOx]; German Buch, Dach; Spanish caja, gestión
x\ɧvoiceless palatal-velar fricativeBasa Swèdhen sjal [x\A:l]
yyclose front rounded vowelBasa Prancis tu [ty] German über ["y:b6]
zzvoiced alveolar fricativeBasa Inggris zoo [zu:], Basa Prancis azote [a"zOt]
z`ʐvoiced retroflex fricativeMandarin Chinese rang [z`aN]
z\ʑvoiced alveolo-palatal fricativeBasa Polski źrebak ["z\rEbak]

Simbul aksara gedhé

X-SAMPAIPAIPA gambarKatranganConto
Aɑopen back unrounded vowelBasa Inggris father ["fA:D@(r\)] (RP and Gen.Am.)
Bβvoiced bilabial fricativeSpanish lavar [la"Ba4]
B\ʙbilabial trillReminiscent of shivering ("brrr")
Cçvoiceless palatal fricativeGerman ich [IC], Basa Inggris human ["Cjum@n] (broad transcription uses [hj-])
Dðvoiced dental fricativeBasa Inggris then [DEn]
Eɛopen-mid front unrounded vowelBasa Prancis même [mEm], Basa Inggris met [mEt] (RP and Gen.Am.)
Fɱlabiodental nasalBasa Inggris emphasis ["EFf@sIs] (spoken quickly, otherwise uses [Emf-])
Gɣvoiced velar fricativeBasa Yunani γωνία [Go"nia], Danish vælge ["vElG@]
G\ɢvoiced uvular plosiveInuktitut nirivvik [niG\ivvik]
G\_<ʛvoiced uvular implosiveMam ʛa [G\_<a]
Hɥlabial-palatal approximantBasa Prancis huit [Hit]
H\ʜvoiceless epiglottal fricative 
Iɪnear-close near-front unrounded vowelBasa Inggris kit [kIt]
I\ᵻ or ɪ̈ near-close central unrounded vowelBasa Polski ryba [rI\bA] 
Jɲpalatal nasalSpanish año ["aJo], Basa Inggris canyon ["k{J@n] (broad transcription uses [-nj-])
J\ɟvoiced palatal plosiveBasa Honggari egy [EJ\]
J\_<ʄvoiced palatal implosiveBasa Sindhi ʄaro [J\_<aro]
Kɬvoiceless alveolar lateral fricativeWelsh llaw [KaU]
K\ɮvoiced alveolar lateral fricative 
Lʎpalatal lateral approximantItalian famiglia [fa"miLa], Castilian llamar [La"mar], Basa Inggris million ["mIL@n] (broad transcription uses [-lj-])
L\ʟvelar lateral approximant
Mɯclose back unrounded vowelKorean 으 (eu)
M\ɰvelar approximantSpanish fuego ["fweM\o]
Nŋvelar nasalBasa Inggris thing [TIN]
N\ɴuvular nasalBasa Jepang san [saN\]
Oɔopen-mid back rounded vowelRP thought [TO:t], American Basa Inggris off [O:f]
O\ʘbilabial click 
P (or v\)ʋlabiodental approximantDutch west [PEst]/[v\Est], allophone of Basa Inggris phoneme /r\/
Qɒopen back rounded vowelRP lot [lQt]
Rʁvoiced uvular fricativeGerman rein [RaIn]
R\ʀuvular trillBasa Prancis roi [R\wa]
Sʃvoiceless postalveolar fricativeBasa Inggris ship [SIp]
Tθvoiceless dental fricativeBasa Inggris thin [TIn]
Uʊnear-close near-back rounded vowelBasa Inggris foot [fUt]
U\ᵿ or ʊ̈near-close central rounded vowelBasa Inggris euphoria [jU\"fO@r\i@]
Vʌopen-mid back unrounded vowelRP Basa Inggris strut [str\Vt]
Wʍvoiceless labial-velar fricativeScots when [WEn]
Xχvoiceless uvular fricativeKlallam sχaʔqʷaʔ [sXa?q_wa?]
X\ħvoiceless pharyngeal fricativeArabic <ح>ha’ [X\A:]
Yʏnear-close near-front rounded vowelGerman hübsch [hYpS]
Zʒvoiced postalveolar fricativeBasa Inggris vision ["vIZ@n]

Sibul liya

X-SAMPAIPAIPA gambarKatranganConto
..syllable break 
"ˈprimary stress 
%ˌsecondary stress 
' (or _j)ʲpalatalized 
:ːlong 
:\ˑhalf longEstonian differentiates three vowel lengths
- separatorBasa Polski trzy [t-S1] vs. czy [tS1] (affricate)
@əschwaBasa Inggris arena [@"r\i:n@]
@\ɘclose-mid central unrounded vowelPaicĩ kɘ̄ɾɘ [k@\_M4@\_M]
{ænear-open front unrounded vowelBasa Inggris trap [tr\{p]
}ʉclose central rounded vowelBasa Swèdhen sju [x\}:]; AuE/NZE boot [b}:t]
1ɨclose central unrounded vowelWelsh tu [t1], American Basa Inggris rose's ["r\oUz1z]
2øclose-mid front rounded vowelDanish købe ["k2:b@], Basa Prancis deux [d2]
3ɜopen-mid central unrounded vowelBasa Inggris nurse [n3:s] (RP) or [n3`s] (Gen.Am.)
3\ɞopen-mid central rounded vowelIrish tomhail[t3\:l']
4ɾalveolar flapSpanish pero ["pe4o], American Basa Inggris better ["bE4@`]
5ɫvelarized alveolar lateral approximant; also see _eBasa Inggris milk [mI5k]
6ɐnear-open central vowelGerman besser ["bEs6], Australian Basa Inggris mud [m6d]
7ɤclose-mid back unrounded vowelEstonian kõik [k7ik], Vietnamese mơ [m7_M]
8ɵclose-mid central rounded vowelBasa Swèdhen buss [b8s]
9œopen-mid front rounded vowelBasa Prancis neuf [n9f], Danish drømme [dR9m@]
&ɶopen front rounded vowelBasa Swèdhen skörd [x\&d`]
?ʔglottal stopDanish stød [sd2?], Cockney Basa Inggris bottle ["bQ?l]
?\ʕvoiced pharyngeal fricativeArabic ع‎ (`ayn) [?\Ajn]
* undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor" 
/ indeterminacy in Basa Prancis vowels 
< begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA) 
<\ʢvoiced epiglottal fricative 
> end nonsegmental notation 
>\ʡepiglottal plosive 
^↑upstep 
!↓downstep 
!\ǃpostalveolar click 
||minor (foot) group 
|\ǀdental click 
||‖major (intonation) group 
|\|\ǁalveolar lateral click 
=\ǂpalatal click 
-\‿linking mark 

Diakritik

X-SAMPAIPAIPA gambarKatrangan
_"  ̈centralized
_+  ̟advanced
_-  ̠retracted
_/ˇrising tone
_0  ̥voiceless
_< implosive (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives)
= (or _=)  ̩syllabic
_>ʼejective
_?\ˤpharyngealized
_\ˆ falling tone
_^  ̯non-syllabic
_}  ̚no audible release
`˞rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants (IPA uses separate symbols for consonants, see t` for an example)
~ (or _~)  ̃nasalization
_A  ̘advanced tongue root
_a  ̺apical
_B  ̏extra low tone
_B_L ᷅low rising tone
_c  ̜less rounded
_d  ̪dental
_e  ̴velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5
<F>global fall
_F  ̂falling tone
_Gˠvelarized
_H  ́high tone
_H_T ᷄high rising tone
_hʰaspirated
_j (or ')ʲpalatalized
_k  ̰creaky voice
_L  ̀low tone
_lˡlateral release
_M  ̄mid tone
_m  ̻laminal
_N  ̼linguolabial
_nⁿnasal release
_O  ̹more rounded
_o  ̞lowered
_q  ̙retracted tongue root
<R>global rise
_R  ̌rising tone
_R_F ᷈rising falling tone
_r  ̝raised
_T  ̋extra high tone
_t  ̤breathy voice
_v  ̬voiced
_wʷlabialized
_X  ̆extra-short
_x  ̽mid-centralized

Bagan

Konsonan

Consonants (pulmonic)
Place of articulation →LabialCoronalDorsalRadical(none)
Manner of articulation ↓BilabialLabio-dentalDentalAlveolarPost‐
alveolar		Retro‐
flex		PalatalVelarUvularPharyn-gealEpi‐
glottal		Glottal
Nasal   m   F   n   n`   J   N   N\ 
Plosivep bp_d b_dt dt` d`c J\k gq G\ >\? 
Fricativep\ Bf vT Ds zS Zs` z`C j\x GXRX\?\H\<\h h\
Approximant   B_o   v\   r\   r\`   j   M\   
Trill   B\   r   *   R\   * 
Tap or Flap   *†   *†   4   r`      * 
Lateral FricativeK K\*   *   *     
Lateral Approximant   l   l`   L   L\ 
Lateral Flap    l\   *   *   *  
  • Daggers (†) mark IPA symbols that have recently been added to Unicode. Since April 2008, this is the case of the labiodental flap, symbolized by a right-hook v in the IPA: A dedicated symbol for the labiodental flap does not yet exist in X-SAMPA.
Coarticulated
WVoiceless labialized velar approximant
wVoiced labialized velar approximant
HVoiced labialized palatal approximant
s\Voiceless palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative
z\Voiced palatalized postalveolar (alveolo-palatal) fricative
x\Voiceless "palatal-velar" fricative
Affricates and double articulation
tsvoiceless alveolar affricate
dzvoiced alveolar affricate
tSvoiceless postalveolar affricate
dZvoiced postalveolar affricate
ts\voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
dz\voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
tKvoiceless alveolar lateral affricate
kpvoiceless labial-velar plosive
gbvoiced labial-velar plosive
Nmlabial-velar nasal (stop)
Consonants (non-pulmonic)
ClicksImplosivesEjectives
O\Bilabialb_<Bilabial_>For example:
|\Laminal alveolar ("dental")d_<Alveolarp_>Bilabial
!Apical (post-) alveolar ("retroflex")J\_<Palatalt_>Alveolar
=\Laminal postalveolar ("palatal")g_<Velark_>Velar
|\|\Lateral coronal ("lateral")G\_<Uvulars_>Alveolar fricative

Vokal

FrontNear-frontCentralNear-backBack
Close
i • y
1 • }
M • u
I • Y
I\ • U\
• U
e • 2
@\ • 8
7 • o
@
E • 9
3 • 3\
V • O
{ •
6
a • &
A • Q
Near‑close
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Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open

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