Tristitia
Tristitia[1][2] est dolor qui concipitur animo propter incommodum quoddam, damnum, desperationem, maerorem, inopiam, frustrationem. Qui tristitiam experitur quietus vel lethargicus fieri potest atque ab aliis recedere. Indicio tristitiae extremae est depressio, animi habitus qui morbo depressivo maiore aut morbo depressivo pertinace effici potest. Fletus et lacrimae indicia tristitiae esse possunt.[3]
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Tristitia est unus ex "sex animi motuum fundamentalium" a Paulo Ekman descriptis, cum felicitate, ira, miratione, timore, et taedio.[4]
Neuroanatomia
Tristitia coniungi inventa est cum "incrementis agitationis bilateralis intra regiones corticis temporalis medii et posterioris, cerebelli lateralis, vermis cerebelli, cerebri medii, putaminis, et caudati."[5][6]
Positronibus emissis tomographia monstravit tristitiam in quattuor viris mulieribusque tribus normativis stimulari posse cum ei de rebus tristibus cogitent: activitas cerebri in cortice bilaterali praefrontali inferiori (gyrus frontalis inferior cum areis 44, 45, 47) et orbitofrontali (areae 10, 11) crevit.[7] In investigatione quae tristitiam in homines pelliculis monstratis adduxit, hic sensus cum incrementis significantibus in regionali cerebri agitatione, praecipue in cortice praefrontali, in thalamo et regione area 9 Brodmanniana appellata, coniunctus est. Significans agitationis incrementum etiam observatum est in structuris temporalibus anterioribus bilateralibus.[8]
In litteris
Edmundus Spenser aetate renascentiae in The Faerie Queene tristitiam dixit esse indicium pignoris spiritualis.[9]
Iulia Kristeva, philosopha Bulgarico-Francica, putabat "diversificationem animi habituum, tristitiá varietatem, dolore mentis vel luctú urbanitatem esse impressionem humanitatis quae profecto victrix non est, sed subtilis, ad pugnam parata, creativa."[10][11]
Nexus interni
- Depressio clinica
- Depressio (psychiatria)
- Dysthymia
- Joie de vivre
- Lamentationes
- Melancholia
- Misericordia
- Modus (psychologia)
- Pessimismus
- Solitudo
- Taedium vitae
- Tristia (Ovidius)
Notae
Bibliographia
- Jellesma, F. C. et Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets. 2012. "Crying in Middle Childhood: A Report on Gender Differences." Sex Roles 67, no. 7 (1 Ianuarii): 412–21. doi:10.1007/s11199-012-0136-4. PMID 22962516. PMC 3432210.
- Karp, D. A. 1997. Speaking of Sadness. ISBN 978-0195113860.
- Keltner, D., P. C. Ellsworth, et K. Edwards. 1993. "Beyond simple pessimism: effects of sadness and anger on social perception." Journal of Personal Social Psychology 64, no. 5 (Maius): 740–52. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.5.740. PMID 8505705. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.5.740. Editio interretialis.
- Keltner, D., et A. M. Kring. 1998. "Emotion, social function, and psychopathology." Review of General Psychology 2 (3): 320–42. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.315.1265. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.320. PDF.
- Forgas, J. P. 1994. "The role of emotion in social judgments: an introductory review and an Affect Infusion Model (AIM)." European Journal of Social Psychology 24 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420240102.
- Forgas, J. P. 1998. "On being happy and mistaken: mood effects on the fundamental attribution error." Journal of Personal Social Psychology 75 (2): 318–31. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.318. PMID 9731311. doi=10.1037/0022-3514.75.2.318. Editio interretialis.
- Forgas, J. P. 1998. "On feeling good and getting your way: mood effects on negotiator cognition and bargaining strategies." Journal of Personal Social Psychology 74 (3): 565–77. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.565. PMID 11407408. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.565. Editio interretialis.
- Forgas, J. P., et G. H. Bower. 1987. "Mood effects on person-perception judgments." Journal of Personal Social Psychology 53, no. 1 (Iulius): 53–60. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.53. PMID 3612493. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.53.1.53. Editio interretialis.
- George, M. S., T. A. Ketter, J. I. Parekh, B. Horwitz, P. Herscovitch, et R. M. Post. 1995. "Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women." American Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. (Martius): 341–51. doi:10.1176/ajp.152.3.341. PMID 7864258. citeseerx 10.1.1.468.2440.
- Isen, A. M., K. A. Daubman, et G. P. Nowicki. 1987. "Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving." Journal of Personal Social Psychology 52, no. 6 (Iunius): 1122–31. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.6.1122. PMID 3598858. Editio interretialis.
- Lane, R. D., E. M. Reiman, G. L. Ahern, G. E. Schwartz, et R. J. Davidson. 1997. "Neuroanatomical Correlates of Happiness, Sadness, and Disgust." American Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 7 (Iulius): 926–33. doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.926. PMID 9210742.
- Le Breton, David. 1995. Anthropologie de la douleur. Lutetiae: Editions Métailié. ISBN 2864241919.
- Mather, Cotton. 1709. The cure of sorrow: An essay directing persons under sadness, what course to take, that they may be no more sad. Bostoniae: Printed by B. Green.
- Pardo,, J. V., P. J. Pardo, et M. E. Raichle. 1993. "Neural correlates of self-induced dysphoria." American Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 150 (Maius): 713–19. doi:10.1176/ajp.150.5.713. PMID 8480815.
- Tiedens, L. Z. 2001. "Anger and advancement versus sadness and subjugation: the effect of negative emotion expressions on social status conferral". Journal of Personal Social Psychology 80, no. 1 (Ianuarius): 86–94. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.80.1.86. PMID 11195894.
