Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana
Ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana dia sampana lehibe indrindra amin' ny fianakaviam-piteny aostrôneziana, fiteny ampiasaina hatrany andrefan' ny Ranomasimbe Indiana mamakivaky an' i Azia Atsimo Atsinanana, ka hatrany atsinanan' ny Ranomasimbe Pasifika. Ny fiteny hafa ao amin' io fianakaviana aostrôneziana io dia ao amin' ny vondrom-piteny fôrmôzàna izay ahitana sampana maro.
Tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 no nampiasana ny andian-teny hoe malaiô-pôlineziana, ka nenti-nanondro ny fitambaran' ny fiteny ao amin' io fianakaviana io, nefa tsy natao anisan' izy ireo ny fitenin' ny vahoaka atao hoe Melaneziana.
Izao ny zana-bondrom-piteny malaiô-pôlineziana:
Ilay Italiana Antonio Pigafetta izay niara-dia tamin' i Magellan tamin' ny diany manodidina ny Tany tamin' ny taona 1519 hatramin' ny 1522 no nahazoana ny voambolana tranainy indrindra ao amin' ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana roa, dia ny fiteny maley sy ny fiteny malagasy. Nahatsikaritra ny maha iray fianakaviana ireo fiteny roa ireo i Pigafetta.
Fafana ampitahana ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana samihafa
| Fiteny malagasy*(Madagasikara) | Fiteny ma'aniany (Indônezia) | Fiteny maley (Indônezia,Malezia) | Fiteny javaney tranainy (Indônezie) | Fiteny seboanô na visaiana (Filipina) | Tagalôga (Filipina) | Fiteny fotoniana (Oalisy-sy-Fotona) | Fiteny tahitiana (Pôlinezia Frantsay) | Fiteny fototra iraisana |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| isa, iray | isa, erai | satu | -sa, tunggal | usa | isa | tasi | tahi | *esa, *isa |
| roa | rueh | dua | rwa, ro | duha | dalawa | rua | rua | *duha |
| telo | telu | tiga | telu | tulo | tatlo | tolu, toru | toru | *telu |
| (iz)aho, -ko | aku, -ku | aku, -ku | ako, -ko | ako, -ko- | akô, akin | au, avau, -ku | au, vau | *i-aku |
| ianao, -nao | hanyu, -nyu | engkau, -kau | ko, ngko, kowe | ikaw, -kaw | ikaw, iyo | akoe, kee | oe | *i-kahu |
| izy, -ny | hanye, -nye | ia, dia, -nya | sira | siya | siya, niya | o-ia, ia | ona | *si-ia |
| lanitra | langit | langit | langit | langit | idem | rangi | ra'i | *langit |
| volana | wulan | bulan | wulan | bulan | buwan | mirama | 'āva'e | *bulan |
| masoandro | mateandrau | matahari | ari | adlaw | arâw | la | mahana | *ha(n)daw |
| andro | andrau | hari | dina | adlaw | araw | ao, aso | ao, mahana | *qalejaw |
| alina | (ka)malem | malam | wengi | gab’i | gabi | bo, poo’uli | pō | *bengi |
| taona | taun | tahun | tahun | tu'ig | taôn | tau | matahiti | *taqun |
| tany | tane | tanah | tanah | yuta | lupa | kere, kele | fenua | *tanaq, *taneq |
| rano, (farihy) | ranu, (danaw) | air, (danau) | wway, (ranu) | tubig, (lanaw) | tubig, (ilog) | wvai, (namo) | vai, pape | *danum, (*wai) |
| orana | uran | hujan | udan | ulan | ùlan | ua | ua | *quzan |
| vato | watu | batu | watu | bato | batô | fatu | 'ōfa'i | *batu |
| afo | apuy | api | apuy | kalayo | apôy | afi | ahi, auahi | *hapuy |
| hazo,kakazo, -kazo, ala | kakaw, jumpun | kayu, hutan | alas | lasang | kahôy, gubat | la’au, 'ara | uru ra'au | *kayuh, *alas |
| ravina | rawen | daun | ron | dahon | dahon | rau, lau | rau'ere, rao'ere | *dahun |
| voa | wua | buah | wwah | bunga | bûnga | fua | mā'a hotu | *buaq |
| tady | tadi | tali | tali | pisi | lubid | taula, vava | taura | *talih |
| vorona | wurung | burung | manuk | langgam | ibon | manu | manu | *manuk |
| anarana | ngaran | (nama) ngaran | jeneng | ngalan | pangalan | ingoa | i'oa | *ngayan |
| olona | ulun | orang, (ulun) | uwong | tawo | taò | tangata | ta'ata | *tau |
| (lehi)lahy | upu | laki-laki | lanang | lalaki | lalake | tane | tane | *laki |
| (vehi)vavy,viavy | wawey | bini (épouse) | wadon, wedok | babaye | babae | fafine | vahine | *bahi |
| (z)anaka, zaza | ia | anak | anak | bata | batà | tama | tama, tamari'i | *anak |
| loha | ulu' | hulu | hulu | ulo | ulô | uru, ulu | upo'o | *qulu |
| volo | wulu | bulu | bulu | buhôk | balahibo, buhok | fulu, furu | huruhuru, rouru | *buhek |
| hoditra | kudit | kulit | kulit | panit | balât | kili, kiri | 'iri | *kulit |
| trano, (levo), vala | lewu | balai (pavillon) | bale | balay | bahay | fale | fare | *humaq,*balay |
| tafo | hapau | atap | atep | atup | bùbông | ato, inaki | tapo'i fare | *qatep |
| lalana | lalan | jalan | dalan | dalan | daân | ala, retu | ara, 'ē'a | *zalan |
| (mi)hinana, homana | kuman | makan | mangan | mokaon | kàin | kai, omaki | 'amu, tāmā'a | *kaen |
| misotro, (minona) | ngo’ot | minum | ngombe | moinum | inòm | inu | inu | *inum |
| (ma)handro / masaka | nandruk | (me)masak | masak | (mag)luto | lutò | hkavi | 'eu, tunu, 'ama | *tanek,*zakan |
| (mi)tono | nutung | (mem)bakar | tunu | sunugon | ihaw | tungia, tutu | tunupa'a | *tunu |
| (ma)tory, mandry | mandre | tidur | turu | katurog | tulog | moe, moerua | moe, ta'oto | *tidu(r) |
| velona | belum | hidup | urip | mabuhi | mabuhay, buhay | mouri | ora | *ma-hudip |
| maty | matey | mati | mati | mamatay | mamatay, patay | mate | mate, pohe | *matay |
| mamono | manuh | (mem)bunuh | mateni | mopatay | pumatay | jiaka mate | ha'amate, ha'apohe | *bunuq |
| (ma)fana | malaing | panas | mapanas | init, alimuot | init, banas | mafana | ahuahu, ve'ave'a | *ma-panas |
| fotsy | mahilak | putih | putih | buti | pùti | hkengo, tea | 'uo'uo, teatea | *ma-putiq |
| mainty | maintem | hitam | ireng | itum | itim | uli, uri | 'ere'ere | *ma-qitem |
| vao | wa’u | baru | anyar | bag'ô | bago | fou | 'āpī | *ma-baqu |
| ity, iny, iry | iti, iru | ini, itu | iki, iku | kini, kana | ito, èto | tenei, tena | teie, tena, tera | *i-ni, *i-na |
Zana-tsampan' ny sampam-piteny malaiô-pôlineziana
Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana andrefana
Ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana andrefana dia ireo fiteny aostrôneziana rehetra tenenina eto Madagasikara, any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana an-tanibe, any Filipina, ao amin' ny Nosy Sunda Lehibe (anisan' izany ireo nosy kely mifanila aminy), any Bali, any Lombok, any amin' ny tapany andrefan' i Sumbawa, any Palau ary ny amin' ny Nosy Mariana. Satria tsy misy endri-javatra izay mamaritra tsara ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana andrefana ho zana-bondrona, dia nilaozan' ny fanasokajiana vao haingana izany.
Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana afovoany-atsinanana
Ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana afovoany-atsinanana dia ahitana fiteny miisa 700 mahery, izay mizara ho fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana afovoany sy fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana atsinanana.
Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana afovoany
Ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana afovoany dia tenenina any amin' ny Nosy Sunda Kely sy Maluku ao amin' ny Ranomasin' i Banda, any amin' ny faritra mifanitsy amin' ny faritany indôneziana any Nusa Tenggara Atsinanana sy Maluku ary ny firenena Timôro Atsinanana (afa-tsy ny fiteny papoana ao Timôro sy ny manodidina), fa miaraka amin' ny fiteny bima miitatra hatrany amin' ny tapany atsinanan' ny Nosy Sumbawa ao amin' ny faritanin' i Nusa Tenggara Andrefana sy ny fiteny sola ao amin' ny Nosy Sula any amin' ny zoro atsimo-andrefan' ny faritanin' i Maluku Avaratra. Ny nosy lehibe indrindra amin’ io faritra io dia i Sumbawa, i Sumba, i Flores, i Timor, i Buru, ary i Seram. Ny fiteny manan-danja indrindra amin' ny isa dia ny fiteny ngahy mbojo (fiteny bimana), ny fiteny fangaray any andrefan' i Flores, ny fiteny oabo meto any Timôro Andrefana, ary ny fiteny tetoma izay fitenim-pirenen' i Timôro Atsinanana.
Ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana afovoany dia fantatra amin' ny ankapobeny ho teny mahafaoka ireo fiteny tsy malaiô-pôlineziana atsinanana ao anatin' ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana afovoany-atsinanana, izay mamorona fatorana fa tsy zana-tsampana manan-kery. Maro amin' ireo endri-toetra aroso hamaritana ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana afovoany no tsy hita any amin' ny faran' ny faritra ara-jeôgrafia.
Fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana atsinanana
Ny faritra itenenanana ny fiteny malaiô-pôlineziana atsinanana dia manomboka amin' ny morontsirak' i Halmahera mamakivaky an' i Pasifika. Mbola mampiady hevitra ity zana-bondrona ity satria mifototra amin' ny porofo ara-boambolana fotsiny, tsy misy fanavaozana ara-peon-teny iombonana. Mifanohitra amin' izany kosa ireo sampana roa, dia ny fiteny halmahera amin' ny tapany atsimon' i Ginea Vaovao Andrefana sy ny fiteny ôseanika, izay samy voafaritra tsara amin' ny fanavaozana ara-peon-teny sy ara-boambolana, ary ekena eran' izao tontolo izao ho zana-bondrona manan-kery.