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New Jersey

state of the United States of America

New Jersey is one of the 50 states of the United States of America. It is in the northeastern section of the country along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is a geographically small state, shaped like a letter [S], and bordered on the west by Pennsylvania and Delaware across the Delaware River, on the north by New York, on the northeast by the Hudson River and New York City, on the east and southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the southwest by Delaware Bay.

New Jersey
State
State of New Jersey
Flag of New Jersey
Flag
Official seal of New Jersey
Seal
Nickname: 
The Garden State[1]
Motto(s): 
Liberty and prosperity
Anthem: Hail, New Netherland
noicon
Map of the United States with New Jersey highlighted
Map of the United States with New Jersey highlighted
CountryUnited States
Before statehoodProvince of New Jersey
Admitted to the UnionDecember 18, 1787 (3rd)
CapitalTrenton
Largest cityNewark
Largest metro and urban areasGreater New York
Government
 • GovernorPhil Murphy (D)
 • Lieutenant GovernorTahesha Way (D)
LegislatureNew Jersey Legislature
 • Upper houseSenate
 • Lower houseGeneral Assembly
U.S. senatorsBob Menendez (D)
Cory Booker (D)
U.S. House delegation10 Democrats
2 Republicans (list)
Area
 • Total8,722.58 sq mi (22,591.38 km2)
 • Land7,354.22 sq mi (19,047.34 km2)
 • Water1,368.36 sq mi (3,544.04 km2)  15.7%
 • Rank47th
Dimensions
 • Length170 mi (273 km)
 • Width70 mi (112 km)
Elevation
250 ft (80 m)
Highest elevation
(High Point[2][3])
1,803 ft (549.6 m)
Lowest elevation
(Atlantic Ocean[2])
0 ft (0 m)
Population
 (2023)
 • Total13,082,190
 • Rank13th
 • Density1,210.10/sq mi (700/km2)
  • Rank1st
 • Median household income
$79,363
 • Income rank
3rd
Demonym(s)New Jerseyan (official),[4] New Jerseyite[5][6]
Language
 • Official languageEnglish
 • Spoken language
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
USPS abbreviation
NJ
ISO 3166 codeUS-NJ
Traditional abbreviationN.J.
Latitude38°56′ N to 41°21′ N
Longitude73°54′ W to 75°34′ W
Websitenj.gov
New Jersey state symbols
Flag of New Jersey
Living insignia
BirdEastern goldfinch[8]
FishBrook trout[9]
FlowerViola sororia
InsectWestern honey bee
MammalHorse
TreeQuercus rubra (northern red oak),[10] dogwood (memorial tree)
Inanimate insignia
ColorsBuff and blue
   
Folk danceSquare dance
FoodBlueberry (state fruit)
FossilHadrosaurus foulkii
SoilDowner[11]
State route marker
New Jersey state route marker
State quarter
New Jersey quarter dollar coin
Released in 1999
Lists of United States state symbols

The capital of New Jersey is Trenton and the largest city is Newark, though New Jersey is better known for bordering the large cities of New York City and Philadelphia. The state nickname is "The Garden State". The current governor is Phil Murphy.[12]

New Jersey is the fourth smallest state, but has the eleventh highest number of people. It therefore has the highest population density (number of people for the amount of land) in the United States. New Jersey is also well known for its beaches,[13] industries, swamps, and pine forests.

The climate is hot and humid summers and cold winters, with about 47 in (1,200 mm) of precipitation every year. The average temperature in the summer is between 82 °F (28 °C) and 87 °F (31 °C), and in winter around 16 °F (-9 °C) to 34 °F (1 °C).[14]

History

Before Europeans came, the land that is now New Jersey was inhabited by the Lenape (also known as Delaware Indians by the English), who were nomads, hunters, and farmers. The Dutch came to the northern area of the state in the 1630s, after Henry Hudson explored the area, thought it was a nice place, and claimed it for the Dutch. Towns quickly sprang up, occupied by the Dutch, Swedes, and Finns. People rushed in. The first towns, such as Bergen (now Jersey City), Trenton (the capitol), and Burlington developed. Many others started themselves upon the west bank of the Hudson. New Jersey was part of the area known at this time as New Netherland.

In 1664, the English took New Netherland from the Dutch and added it to their colonies. This part was renamed New Jersey after an island in the English Channel known as Jersey.

New Jersey took part in the American Revolutionary War, and was a scene of battles. On Christmas in 1776, George Washington's army entered New Jersey to attack British soldiers at Trenton and Princeton. The American army won, in two small but famous battles that were important in boosting American morale.

Later, the rebels drove the British residents out of Princeton and for a time established a national capital there. New Jersey was the third state to join the US and the first to approve the Bill of Rights.

Counties

New Jersey has 21 counties:

County
FIPS CodeCounty Seat [15]Created [15]Formed from [16]Named for [17]Population (2005) [15]Area [15]Map
 
Atlantic County001Mays Landing1837Gloucester CountyThe Atlantic Ocean, which forms the county's eastern border271,015671 sq mi
(1,738 km2)
Bergen County003Hackensack1675One of four original counties created in East JerseyThe town of Bergen op Zoom, Holland or Bergen, Norway904,037247 sq mi
(640 km2)
Burlington County005Mount Holly Township1681One of two original counties created in West JerseyThe old name for the ancient market town a mile from shore in Bridlington, England450,743819 sq mi
(2,121 km2)
Camden County007Camden1844Gloucester CountyCharles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden (1714–1794), an English supporter of the colonial cause during the American Revolution[18]517,001228 sq mi
(591 km2)
Cape May County009Cape May Court House1685Burlington CountyThe 17th-century Dutch explorer Cornelius Jacobsen Mey (?–16??), who explored and surveyed the Delaware Bay to the south of the county99,286365 sq mi
(945 km2)
Cumberland County011Bridgeton1748Salem CountyPrince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765), second son of George II of England and military victor at the Battle of Culloden in 1746154,823677 sq mi
(1,753 km2)
Essex County013Newark1675One of four original counties created in East JerseyThe county of Essex in England786,147130 sq mi
(337 km2)
Gloucester County015Woodbury1686Burlington CountyThe city of Gloucester, England276,910337 sq mi
(873 km2)
Hudson County017Jersey City1840Bergen CountyThe English explorer Henry Hudson (1570–1611), who explored portions of New Jersey's coastline601,14662 sq mi
(161 km2)
Hunterdon County019Flemington1714Burlington CountyRobert Hunter (1664–1734), the Colonial Governor of New Jersey from 1710 to 1720130,404438 sq mi
(1,134 km2)
Mercer County021Trenton1838Burlington County, Hunterdon County, Middlesex County, and Somerset CountyThe Continental Army General Hugh Mercer (1726–1777), who died at the Battle of Princeton[19]367,605229 sq mi
(593 km2)
Middlesex County023New Brunswick1675One of four original counties created in East JerseyThe former county of Middlesex in England789,516323 sq mi
(837 km2)
Monmouth County025Freehold Borough1675One of four original counties created in East JerseyThe Rhode Island Monmouth Society or the historic county of Monmouthshire in Wales.635,285665 sq mi
(1,722 km2)
Morris County027Morristown1739Hunterdon CountyColonel Lewis Morris (1671–1746), colonial governor of New Jersey at the time of the county's formation.[20][21]493,160481 sq mi
(1,246 km2)
Ocean County029Toms River1850Monmouth CountyThe Atlantic Ocean, which forms the eastern border of New Jersey562,335916 sq mi
(2,372 km2)
Passaic County031Paterson1837Bergen County and Essex County"Pasaeck", a Lenape word meaning "valley"499,060197 sq mi
(510 km2)
Salem County033Salem1681One of two original counties created in West JerseyA Hebrew word meaning "peace"66,595373 sq mi
(966 km2)
Somerset County035Somerville1688Middlesex CountyThe county of Somerset in England319,900305 sq mi
(790 km2)
Sussex County037Newton1753Morris CountyThe county of Sussex in England153,384536 sq mi
(1,388 km2)
Union County039Elizabeth1857Essex CountyThe union of the United States threatened by dispute between North and South over slavery531,088105 sq mi
(272 km2)
Warren County041Belvidere1824Sussex CountyThe American Revolutionary War General Joseph Warren (1741–1775), killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill110,376363 sq mi
(940 km2)

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to New Jersey.
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