Antartika

Pikeun kagunaan séjén, tempo Antartika (disambiguasi).

Antartika nyaéta buana pangkidulna di Bumi, nu ngampar di Kutub Kidul. Perenahna dina beulahan bumi beulah kidul, ampir sakabéhnadi kiduleun Antarctic Circle, dilingkung ku Samudra Kidul. Kalayan lega 14.4 yuta km² (5.4 yuta sq mi), mangrupa buana panggedéna kalima sanggeus Asia, Afrika, Amerika Kaler, jeung Amerika Kidul. 98% Antartika katutupan ku es, nu rata-rata kandelna pangsaeutikna 1.6 kilométer (1.0 mi).

Ilaharna, Antartika mangrupa buana pangtiisna, panggaringna tur panglobaanginna, sarta boga rata-rata pangluhurna ti sakabéh buana.^[1] Alatan presipitasina saeutik, kajaba di basisir, jero-jeroan buana ieu sacara tehnis mangrupa gurun panglegana di dunya. Euweuh panyicingan manusa nu maneuh tur taya ogé bukti yén kungsi kacicingan ku manusa ti jaman prasajarahna mula. Nu aya ukur tutuwuhan katut sasatoan nu bisa cocog jeung kaayaan alam nu tiis, kaasup pinguin, anjing laut (fur seals), lumut, lichen, jeung sababaraha rupa ganggang.

Artikel ieu keur dikeureuyeuh, ditarjamahkeun tina basa Inggris. Bantuanna didagoan pikeun narjamahkeun.

Ngaran Antarktika mangrupa versi romanisasi tina kecap campuran basa Yunani Αntarktiké (Aνταρκτική), nu hartina "Sabrangeun Arktik".^[2] Sanajan mite jeung spekulasi ngeunaan Terra Australis ("Southern Land") date back to antiquity, the first confirmed sighting of the continent is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820 by the Russian expedition of Mikhail Lazarev and Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. However, the continent remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of resources, and isolation.

The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 by twelve countries; to date, forty-five countries have signed the tréaty. The tréaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining, supports scientific reséarch, and protects the continent's ecozone. Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists of many nationalities and with different reséarch interests.^[3]