Unipartidismo
Ang unipartidismo ay sistema ng pamamahala kung saan isang partidong pampolitika ang tanging kumokontrol sa naghaharing sistema.[1] Ang lahat ng iba pang partido ay maaaring ipinagbabawal o tinatangkilik lamang ang limitado at kontroladong paglahok sa halalan. Minsan ang terminong "de facto one-party state" ay ginagamit upang ilarawan ang isang dominant-party system na, hindi katulad ng one-party state, ay nagpapahintulot (kahit nominally) ang demokratikong multiparty na halalan, ngunit ang umiiral na ang mga gawi o balanse ng kapangyarihang pampulitika ay epektibong pumipigil sa oposisyon na manalo ng kapangyarihan.
Bagaman ito ay nauna sa 1714 hanggang 1783 "panahon ng Whig oligarchy" sa Great Britain,[2] ang panuntunan ng Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) sa Imperyong Otomano kasunod ng kudeta noong 1913 ay madalas na itinuturing na unang one-party state.[3]
Current one-party states
As of 2024 the following countries are legally constituted as one-party states:
Country | Head of party | Leader title | Party | Ideology | Date of establishment | Duration | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China[4] | Xi Jinping | General Secretary | Padron:CCP flag | Socialism with Chinese characteristics | 1 October 1949 | 74 taon, 209 araw | |
Cuba[5] | Miguel Díaz-Canel | First Secretary | Communist Party of Cuba | Marxism–Leninism, Castroism, Guevarism, Left-wing nationalism | 16 April 1961 | 63 taon, 11 araw | |
Eritrea[6] | Isaias Afwerki | Chairperson | People's Front for Democracy and Justice | Eritrean nationalism, Statism | 24 May 1993 | 30 taon, 339 araw | |
Laos[7] | Thongloun Sisoulith | General Secretary | Lao People's Revolutionary Party | Kaysone Phomvihane Thought | 2 December 1975 | 48 taon, 147 araw | |
North Korea[8] | Kim Jong-un | General Secretary | Workers' Party of Korea | Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism | 9 September 1948 | 75 taon, 231 araw | Leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea |
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | Brahim Ghali | Secretary General | Polisario Front | Sahrawi nationalism, Social democracy | 27 February 1976 | 48 taon, 60 araw | Non-member state of the United Nations, headquartered in Algeria |
Vietnam[9] | Nguyễn Phú Trọng | General Secretary | Communist Party of Vietnam | Ho Chi Minh Thought | 2 July 1976 | 47 taon, 300 araw |