Fatima
Fāṭima bint Muḥammad ( Larabci: فَاطِمَة ٱبْنَت مُحَمَّد , 605/15–632 CE), wanda aka fi sani da Fāṭima al-Zahrāʾ ( فَاطِمَة ٱلزَّهْرَاء ), ta kasance diyar annabin musulunci Muhammad da matarsa Khadija . [1] Mijin Fatima shi ne Ali, shine na hudu a cikin Khalifofin Rashidun kuma Imamin Shi'a na farko . 'Ya'yan Fatima su ne Hasan da Husaini Imaman Shi'a na biyu da na uku. [2] [3]
 Fatima | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Haihuwa | Makkah, 27 ga Yuli, 604 |
| ƙasa | Khulafa'hur-Rashidun |
| Harshen uwa | Larabci |
| Mutuwa | Madinah, 14 Disamba 632 |
| Makwanci | Al-Baqi' |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Muhammad |
| Mahaifiya | Khadija Yar Khuwailid |
| Abokiyar zama | Sayyadina Aliyu |
| Yara | view
|
| Ahali | Ummu Kulthum, Rukayyah, Zainab yar Muhammad, Ibrahim ɗan Muhammad, Yaran Annabi da Abdullahi ɗan Muhammad |
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Larabci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a | maiwaƙe |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Musulunci |
An kwatanta Fatima da Maryamu mahaifiyar Isah, musamman a aqidar Shi'a. [4] [5] An ce Muhammadu ya dauke ta a matsayin mafificiya a mata [2] [6] kuma mafi soyuwa a gare shi. [7] [2] Sau da yawa ana kallonta a matsayin babban abin tarihi ga matan musulmi da kuma ita me tausayi, karimci, da jurewa wahala. [4] Ta hanyar Fatima ne zuriyar Muhammadu suka wanzu har yau. [8] [6] Sunanta da lakabinta sun kasance sanannen zaɓi ga 'yan mata musulmai. [9] [10]
Lokacin da Muhammadu ya rasu a shekara ta 632, Fatima da mijinta Ali sun ƙi amincewa da mulkin khalifa na farko, Abubakar . Ma'auratan da magoya bayansu sun yi imanin cewa Ali shi ne mafi cancantar magajin Muhammadu, [4] mai yiwuwa suna nufin sanarwarsa a Ghadir Khumm . [11]
Rigima ta kunno kai dangane da mutuwar Fatima a cikin watanni shida da mutuwar Muhammadu. [8] Ahlus Sunna sun yarda cewa Fatima ta rasu ne da bakin ciki. [3] A cikin Shi’a kuwa, an ce mutuwar Fatima (barin da tayi) ta yi ne kai tsaye sakamakon raunukan da ta samu a lokacin wani farmaki da aka kai gidanta don murkushe Ali, wanda Abubakar ya umarta. [2] An yi imanin cewa fatawar Fatima da ta rasu shi ne kar khalifa ya halarci jana’izarta. [12] [13] An binne ta a asirce da daddare kuma ba a tabbatar da ainihin inda aka binne ta ba. [14] [15]
Suna da laƙabi
Mafi sanannan laƙabinta shi ne al-Zahra ( lit. 'me haskakawa', 'me haske ' ), [2] wanda ke nuni akan taqawarta da tsayuwarta a cikin addu'a. [16] Shi'a sun yi imani da wannan taswirar cewa tana nuni ne ga halittarta ta farko daga hasken da ke ci gaba da haskakawa a cikin halittu. [2] Shi'a Ibn Babawahy ( d. 991 ) ya rubuta cewa, duk lokacin da Fatima ta yi addu'a, haskenta yana haskakawa ga mazauna sama kamar yadda hasken taurari ke haskaka mazaunan duniya. [7] Sauran lakabin ta a cikin Shi'a su ne al-Shiddiqa ( lit. 'me gaskiyta ' ), [10] al-Tahira ( lit. 'me tsarki' ), [1] al-Mubaraka ( lit. 'me albarka' ), [1] da al-Mansura ( lit. 'wanda Allah ya taimaka' ). [2] Wani lakabin Shi'a kuma shi ne al-Muḥadditha, bisa la'akari da rahoton cewa mala'iku sun yi magana da Fatima a lokuta da dama, [17] [18] [19] kamar Maryamu mahaifiyar Isah . [18]