Borno

Jihar BornoBorno (Taimako·bayani) jiha, ce dake arewa maso gabashin Najeriya. Ta haɗa iyaka da Jihar Yobe daga yamma, Gombe daga kudu maso gabas, Adamawa daga kudu, yayin da iyakarta ta gabas ta.hada iyaka ta kasa da kasa da Kamaru, iyakarta ta,arewa kuwa ta hade ne da yankin kasar Nijar, sannan iyakarta ta arewa maso gabas ta hade ne da yankin ƙasar Chadi, ita kadai ce jihar da ta haɗa iyaka da kasashen waje har guda uku. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga Masarautar Borno mai dumbin tarihi, tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarutar dake Maiduguri. An ƙirƙiri jihar ne a shekarar alif 1976, lokacin da aka raba tsohuwar Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. A farko jihar ta haɗa da yankin Jihar Yobe ta yau, wacce aka raba ta a Shekarar alif 1991.^[1]

Borno
Borno State (en)
Wuri
11°30′N 13°00′E / 11.5°N 13°E / 11.5; 13
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Najeriya
Babban birni	Maiduguri
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	5,860,183 (2016)
• Yawan mutane	82.66 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Turanci
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	70,898 km²
Sun raba iyaka da	Jihar Adamawa Jihar Gombe Jihar Yobe Yankin Diffa
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Jihar Arewa maso Gabas
Ƙirƙira	3 ga Faburairu, 1976
Tsarin Siyasa
Majalisar zartarwa	executive council of Borno State (en)
Gangar majalisa	Majalisar Wakilan jihar Borno
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC+01:00
Lamba ta ISO 3166-2	NG-BO
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	bornostate.gov.ng

Jihar Borno ita ce jiha ta biyu 2 a.girman ƙasa a cikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, bayan Jihar Neja. Amma duk da girman jihar, ita ce ta goma Sha daya (11) a yawan mutane tare da kiyasin mutane a kalla miliyan 5.86 a shekara ta alif 2016.^[2] A fannin yanayin kasa; semi-desert Sahelian savanna daga arewa da kuma Sudanian savanna ta yamma a tsakiya da kudancin jihar, da kuma mutane Mandara Plateau daga yankin kudu maso gabas.

Jihar Borno tana da kabilu da suke zaune a yankin na lokaci mai tsawo, kamar su Dghwede, Glavda, Guduf, Laamang, Mafa, da Mandara a tsakiyar yankin; Afade, Yedina (Buduma), da kuma Kanembu daga karshen yankin arewa maso gabas; harshen Waja a kuryar kudancin yankin; da kuma Kyibaku, Kamwe, Kilba, Margi da kuma babur a yankin kudancin jhar, a yayinda harsunan Kanuri da Shuwa Arab ke rayuwa a yankunan tsakiya da arewacin jihar. Ta fannin addini, mafi yawan mutanen jihar (85%) musulmai ne, da tsirarun kiristoci da mabiya addinan gargajiya da kaso 7% kowanne.

Tun daga karni na bakwai (07), inda aka sani da Jihar Borno ta kasance daga yankin Daular Kanem-Bornu. Daular da ta fito daga yankin kudancin Libya ta yau (Fezzan) har zuwa yankin Cadi har zuwa yankin Jihar Borno ta yau. Bayan karni na 13, an tilasta wa Kanem Bornu matsawa bayan yaƙoƙi da ba suyi nasara ba, inda ta koma Masarautar Borno, kafin ta kara karfi kuma ta mulki yankin har na tsawon shekaru 500. Har sai zuwa karni na 18 (shekara ta 1800) lokacin Jihadin Fulani suka raunata Masarautar Bornu, har masarautar ta fara rage karfi. An kwace mafi yawancin yankin masarautar inda aka hade ta da yankin Jihar Adamawa ta yau a karkashin Daular Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 80 bayan haka, Rabih az-Zubayr, wani kusan yaki dan kasar Sudan ya mallake Daulana Shekarar kuma ya mulke ta har zuwa karni na Shekarar alif 1900 lokacin da sojojin Faransa suka kashe shi a Yakin Kousséri. Har wayau, turawan mulkin mallaka sunci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda Daular Jamus da na Burtaniya suka ci su da yaƙi. Duka yankunan kasar Rabih da kuma Masarautar Adamawa an rabasu tsakanin turawan mulkin mallaka inda sashin Masarautar Borno ta yau ta fada karkashin mulkin Jamus da Burtaniya.

An hade yankin da Burtaniya ke da iko ta Yankin Mulkin Mallaka na Arewacin Najeriya wacce daga baya aka hade ta ta zamo Yankin Mulkin Mallaka ta Najeriya, wacce daga baya ta samu 'yanci a Shekarar alif 1960, Najeriya. Yankin da kasar Jamus ke da iko kuwa (yankin dake kusa da iyakar Kamaru ta yau) ta zamo Bornu-na mutanen Jamus a matsayin yankin "German-Kemerun har zuwa lokacin da sojojin hadin gwiwa suka kai farmaki a yankin a lokacin kamfe na Kamerun a lokacin Yakin duniya ta daya. Inda ke matsayin farfajiyar Jihar Borno daga gabas a yau ta zamo sashin Arewacin Kamaru a karkashin yankin Kamaru ta Burtaniya har zuwa shekarar 1961, a lokacin da wata yarjejeniya ta jawo aka hadeta cikin yankin Najeriya. Daga farko, bayan samun 'yanci, sashin Jihar Borno na daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas, an kirkiri Jihar Borno a ranar 3 ga watan Febrerun na Shekarar alif 1976 tare da sauran jihohi guda goma. Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan yi mata jiha, an hade wasu kananan hukumomi daga yammacin jihar don samar da Jihar Yobe. Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru, a cikin shekara ta 2000, Jihar ta zamo cibiyar kungiyar Boko Haram kuma daga nan ta fara samar da rudani a shekara 2009. A tsakanin shakara ta 2012 zuwa 2015, abin yayi kamari a yankin yayinda kusan akasarin ikon jihar ta koma karkashin kungiyar, hakan yasa kungiyar ta zama mafi munin kungiya a duniya kuma sun sa mutum sama da miliyan sun bar gidajensu da dukiyoyinsu. Bayan munanan hare-hare a cikin jihar a shekara ta 2015 da kuma fada tsakanin kungiyar Boko Haram da na ISWAP, an kore kungiyoyin zuwa cikin Dajin Sambisa da wasu tsiburai da ke yankin Tabkin Chadi a shekara ta 2017; har wayau, rashin zaman lafiya a yankin ya zama ruwan dare yayinda 'yan ta'adda ke kai hare-hare ga sojoji da farar hula baki daya.^[3]

A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara ta wata fuskar da noma da kiwo, tattalin arzikin yankunan karkarar Jihar Borno sun dogara ne akan noma da kiwo kafin soma rikicin Boko Haram, yayinda babban birnin jihar wato Maiduguri take taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin cibiyar kasuwanci da kuma hada-hada.^[4] Amma duk da haka, bayan shekaru da jihar ta sha fama da rashin zaman lafiya, wanda ya kawo cikas ga cigaba kuma ya tilasta wa manoma suka bar kauyukansu don neman tsira, Jihar Borno tana na goma sha uku a jerin cigaban al'umma a kasar, amma tunda an fara shawo kan rikicin a shekara ta 2016, an fara farfado da harkokin cigaba a yankin.^[5][6][7]

Jihar Borno da faɗin ƙasa kimanin kilomita 57,799 da yawan jama’an da suka kai kimanin mutane 5,925,668 (a ƙiddidigar ƙidaya ta shekara ta 2006).Babban birnin jihar shi ne Maiduguri. Babagana Umara Zulum shi ne gwamnan jihar tun bayan zabensa da aka yi a shekara ta 2019 har zuwa yau. Mataimakin gwamnan kuwa shi ne Usman Mamman Durkwa. Dattijai daga jihar sun haɗa da: Yusuf Buratai, Baba Garba, Ali Madu Sheriff, Muhammad Indimi, Abba Kyari, Mohammed Ali Ndume da sauransu. Mutanen garin Borno mutane ne masu son al'ada da kokarin riko da addini da fafutuka wajen neman ilimi. Daga cikin al'adunsu akwai zaman mai gida wuri daya tare da iyalensa domin cin abinci a cikin faranti/kwano daya. Mutane ne masu son mu'amala da turare sannan matan su suna yawan yin kwalliya, lalli wato dayes da dai sauransu. Akan samu yaruka mazauna Borno kamar irin su Kanuri, Babur, margi, da dai sauransu.