Alcidae

Alcidae (a Protogermanico *alkǭ 'avis maritima'^[1]^[2]) sunt familia avium ordinis Charadriiformium, quae genera Uriam, Cepphum, Aethiatis, Fraterculam, Brachyramphum comprehendit.Praeter Pinguinum impennem, omnes alcidae "volare" tam bene in aqua quam in aere insigniter possunt. Egregie natant et urinantur, sed ambulantes inscitae videntur.Nonnullis speciebus sunt varia nomina vulgaria in Europa et America Septentrionali: Uria et Cepphus, Anglice guillemots in Europa, sed murres in America Septentrionali, et Alle ('little auk') dovekie appellatur.

Aethia psittacula

Animalia — Chordata

Classis : Aves
Ordo : Charadriiformes
Familia : Alcidae
Leach, 1820

Palaeontologia

Eocaeno exeunte – Recens 35–0 m.a.:

Subdivisiones: Subfamiliae

* Alcinae Leach, 1820

Fraterculinae Strauch, 1985

Species typica

Alca torda Linnaeus, 1758

Systematica

Formula:Cladogram

Formae basales et incertae sedis
- Miocepphus (fossile: Miocaenum media
  - Miocepphus mcclungi Wetmore, 1940
  - Miocepphus bohaskai Wijnker and Olson, 2009
  - Miocepphus blowi Wijnker and Olson, 2009
  - Miocepphus mergulellus Wijnker and Olson, 2009
Subfamilia Alcinae
- Tribus Alcini
  
  Synthliboramphus hypoleucus admodum distinctus a brachyramphinis est.
  - Uria
    - Uria aalge
    - Uria lomvia
  - Alle
    - Alle alle
  - Pinguinus
    - Pinguinus impennis (exstinctus, circa 1844)
  - Alca
    - Alca torda
- Tribus Synthliboramphini
  
  Cepphus grylle in plumis aestivis (frons) et hiemalis.
  - Synthliboramphus
    - Synthliboramphus scrippsi – olim in S. hypoleucus
    - Synthliboramphus hypoleucus – aliquando in Endomychura separatus
    - Synthliboramphus craveri – aliquando in Endomychura separatus
    - Synthliboramphus antiquus
    - Synthliboramphus wumizusume
- Tribus Cepphini
  
  Brachyramphus marmoratus in plumis temporis feturae.
  - Cepphus
    - Cepphus grylle
    - Cepphus columba
      - Cepphus columba snowi
    - Cepphus carbo
- Tribus Brachyramphini
  - Brachyramphus
    - Brachyramphus marmoratus
    - Brachyramphus perdix
    - Brachyramphus brevirostris
Subfamilia Fraterculinae
- Tribus Aethiini
  
  Fratercula cirrhata.
  - Ptychoramphus
    - Ptychoramphus aleuticus
  - Aethia
    - Aethia psittacula
    - Aethia cristatella
    - Aethia pygmaea
    - Aethia pusilla
- Tribus Fraterculini
  - Cerorhinca
    - Cerorhinca monocerata
  - Fratercula
    - Fratercula arctica
    - Fratercula corniculata
    - Fratercula cirrhata

Nexus interni

Kiviak, cibus traditionalis Inuit in Groenlandia, ex alcidis in cute pinnipediorum conditus

Notae

Bibliographia

Collinson, Martin. 2006. "Splitting headaches? Recent taxonomic changes affecting the British and Western Palaearctic lists." British Birds 99 (6): 306–23. Editio interretialis.
Friesen, V. L., A. J. Baker, et J. F. Piatt. 1996. "Phylogenetic Relationships Within the Alcidae (Charadriiformes: Aves) Inferred from Total Molecular Evidence." Molecular Biology and Evolution 13 (2): 359–67. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025595. PMID 8587501.
Gaston, Anthony J., et Ian L. Jones. 1998. The Auks: Alcidae. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854032-9.
Johnsgard, Paul. Diving Birds of North America.
Konyukhov, N. B. 2002. "Possible Ways of Spreading and Evolution of Alcids." Biology Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences 29 (5): 447–54. Russice scriptus. doi:10.1023/A:1020457508769.
Moum, Truls, Ulfur Arnason, et Einar Árnason. 2002 "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Evolution and Phylogeny of the Atlantic Alcidae, Including the Extinct Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis)." Molecular Biology and Evolution 19 (9): 1434–39. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004206. PMID 12200471.
Paton, T. A., A. J. Baker, J. G. Groth, et G. F. Barrowclough. 2003. "RAG-1 sequences resolve phylogenetic relationships within charadriiform birds." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 29 (2): 268–78. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00098-8. PMID 13678682.
Smith, N. A. 2011. "Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the flightless Mancallinae (Aves, Pan-Alcidae)." ZooKeys 91: 1–116. doi:10.3897/zookeys.91.709. PMID 21594108. PMC 3084493.
Strauch J. G., Jr. 1985. "The phylogeny of the Alcidae." The Auk 102 (3): 520–539. JSTOR 4086647. doi:10.1093/auk/102.3.520. PDF.
Thomas, Gavin H., Matthew A. Wills, et Tamás Székely. 2004. "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny." BMC Evolutionary Biology 4 (1): 28. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-28. PMID 15329156. PMC 515296. Materia supplementaria.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Alcidas spectant.

[1]

[2]

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