ഇറാൻ-ഇറാഖ് യുദ്ധം

ഇറാനും ഇറാഖും തമ്മിൽ 1980 സെപ്റ്റംബർ 2ന് ആരംഭിച്ച എട്ടുവർഷം നീണ്ട യുദ്ധമായിരുന്നു ഇറാൻ-ഇറാഖ് യുദ്ധം. 1988 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 20ന് യുദ്ധം അവസാനിച്ചു. മുൻപ് നടത്തിയ കരാർ പ്രകാരം ഇറാന് വിട്ടു കൊടുത്ത പ്രദേശങ്ങൾ തിരികെ വേണം എന്ന് സദ്ദാം ഹുസൈൻ ആവശ്യപ്പെട്ടതാണ് യുദ്ധകാരണം. എങ്കിലും ഇറാനിൽ ഉണ്ടായ ഷിയാ വിപ്ലവം അറബ് ലോകത്തേക്ക് പടരാതിരിക്കാൻ അമേരിക്കൻ പിന്തുണയോടെ അറബ് രാജ്യങ്ങൾ ഇറാഖിനെ മുൻ നിർത്തി നടത്തിയ യുദ്ധമാണിതെന്നും ആരോപിക്കപ്പെടുന്നുണ്ട്.

Iran–Iraq War
the Persian Gulf Conflicts ഭാഗം
Iranian soldier with gas mask and an MG3 in the battlefield
തിയതി 22 September 1980 – 20 August 1988 (7 വർഷം, 10 മാസം, 4 ആഴ്ച and 1 ദിവസം) സ്ഥലം Iran–Iraq border ഫലം Stalemate Iraqi failure to annex territories on the east bank of the Shatt al-Arab and bolster Arab separatism in the region of Khuzestan Iranian failure to invade and capture Iraqi territory and to topple Saddam Hussein UNSC Resolution 598 Territorial changes Status quo ante bellum; observed by UNIIMOG based on Security Council Resolution 619
യുദ്ധത്തിൽ ഏർപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നവർ
Iran KDP PUK Support:  Syria[1]  North Korea[2] (For other forms of foreign support, see here)	Iraq MEK Support:  United States [3][4]  France [5][verification needed]  Soviet Union[6][7]  Qatar[8][9]  Kuwait[10]  Jordan[11] (For other forms of foreign support, see here)
പടനായകരും മറ്റു നേതാക്കളും
Ruhollah Khomeini (Supreme Leader of Iran) Others: Abulhassan Banisadr (1st President of Iran) Mohammad-Ali Rajai  † (2nd President of Iran) Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Chairman of the Parliament) Ali Khamenei (3rd President of Iran)[12] Mohammad-Javad Bahonar  † (former Prime Minister of Iran) Mir-Hossein Mousavi (Prime Minister of Iran) Mostafa Chamran  † (Minister of Defence) Mohammad Beheshti  † (Chief Justice of Iran) Mohsen Rezaee (IRGC Commander) Ali Sayad Shirazi (Chief of Staff) Massoud Barzani (Leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party) Jalal Talabani (Leader of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan) Nawshirwan Mustafa (Deputy Secretary General of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan) Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim (Leader of the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq) Abdul Aziz al-Hakim (Leader of the ISCI Military Wing)	Saddam Hussein (President of Iraq) Others: Ali Hassan al-Majid (General and Iraqi Intelligence Service head) Taha Yassin Ramadan (General and Deputy Party Secretary) Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri (Deputy chairman, Revolutionary Command Council) Abid Hamid Mahmud (Lieutenant General) Salah Aboud Mahmoud (General) Tariq Aziz (Foreign Minister and Revolutionary Command council member) Adnan Khairallah (Minister of Defence) Saddam Kamel (Republican Guard Commander) Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (Leader of the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan) Uday Hussein (Son of Saddam Hussein) Qusay Hussein (Son of Saddam Hussein) Maher Abd al-Rashid (General) Massoud Rajavi (President of the National Council of Resistance of Iran) Maryam Rajavi (Co-leader of the PMOI)
Units involved
Iranian Armed Forces Army Ground Force Air Force Navy Air Defence Revolutionary Guards Ground Force Aerospace Force Navy Basij Irregular Warfare Headquarters	Iraqi Armed Forces
ശക്തി
At the onset of the war: 110,000–150,000 soldiers, 1,700–2,100 tanks,[13] 1,000 armoured vehicles, 1,100 artillery pieces,[14] 320 aircraft, 750 helicopters After Iraq withdrew from Iran in 1982: 350,000 soldiers, 700 tanks, 2,700 armoured vehicles, 400 artillery pieces, 350 aircraft, 700 helicopters At the end of the war: 900,000 soldiers, 2,500,000 militia, 400 tanks, 800 armoured vehicles, 600 artillery pieces, 60–80 aircraft, 70–90 helicopters	At the onset of the war: 200,000 soldiers, 2,500 tanks, 2,000 armoured vehicles, 800 artillery pieces, 330 aircraft, 350 helicopters After Iraq withdrew from Iran in 1982: 175,000 soldiers, 1,200 tanks, 2,300 armoured vehicles, 400 artillery pieces, 450 aircraft, 180 helicopters At the end of the war: 1,500,000 soldiers,[അവലംബം ആവശ്യമാണ്] 5,500–6,700 tanks, 8,500–10,000 armoured vehicles, 6,000–12,000 artillery pieces, 950 aircraft, 1,000 helicopters
നാശനഷ്ടങ്ങൾ
123,220–160,000 KIA and 60,711 MIA (Iranian claim)[15][16] 200,000–600,000 killed (other estimates)[15][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] 800,000 killed (Iraqi claim)[15] 1,000,000+ killed (other estimates)[25] 320,000–500,000 WIA[18][26][27] 40,000–42,875 POW[26][27] 11,000–16,000 civilian dead[15][16] Economic loss of US$627 billion[15][17]	105,000–375,000 killed[15][26][28][29][30] 250,000–500,000 (other estimates)[25] 400,000 WIA[29] 70,000 POW[18][29] Economic loss of $561 billion[15][17]
100,000+ civilians killed on both sides[31] (not including 182,000 civilians killed in the Al-Anfal Campaign)[32]
¹ The exact number of Iraqi Shia that fought alongside Iran is unknown. The Iraqi political parties SCIRI and Islamic Da'wa Party supported Iran during the war. Iran would sometimes organise divisions of Iraqi POWs to fight against Iraq.