Argon

chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18; rare gas

Argon is a chemical element. Its symbol is argon is Ar and its atomic number is 18. It is part of the noble gas group. It is an odorless and tasteless gas. Argon is the third-most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere.

Argon, 00Ar
Vial containing a violet glowing gas
Argon
Pronunciation/ˈɑːrɡɒn/ (AR-gon)
Appearancecolorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in an electric field
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Ar)
[39.79239.963][1]
Argon in the periodic table
HydrogenHelium
LithiumBerylliumBoronCarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon
SodiumMagnesiumAluminiumSiliconPhosphorusSulfurChlorineArgon
PotassiumCalciumScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromiumManganeseIronCobaltNickelCopperZincGalliumGermaniumArsenicSeleniumBromineKrypton
RubidiumStrontiumYttriumZirconiumNiobiumMolybdenumTechnetiumRutheniumRhodiumPalladiumSilverCadmiumIndiumTinAntimonyTelluriumIodineXenon
CaesiumBariumLanthanumCeriumPraseodymiumNeodymiumPromethiumSamariumEuropiumGadoliniumTerbiumDysprosiumHolmiumErbiumThuliumYtterbiumLutetiumHafniumTantalumTungstenRheniumOsmiumIridiumPlatinumGoldMercury (element)ThalliumLeadBismuthPoloniumAstatineRadon
FranciumRadiumActiniumThoriumProtactiniumUraniumNeptuniumPlutoniumAmericiumCuriumBerkeliumCaliforniumEinsteiniumFermiumMendeleviumNobeliumLawrenciumRutherfordiumDubniumSeaborgiumBohriumHassiumMeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgeniumCoperniciumNihoniumFleroviumMoscoviumLivermoriumTennessineOganesson
Ne

Ar

Kr
chlorineargonpotassium
Groupgroup 18 (noble gases)
Periodperiod 3
Block  p-block
Electron configuration[Ne] 3s2 3p6
Electrons per shell2, 8, 8
Physical properties
Phase at STPgas
Melting point83.81 K ​(−189.34 °C, ​−308.81 °F)
Boiling point87.302 K ​(−185.848 °C, ​−302.526 °F)
Density (at STP)1.784 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)1.3954 g/cm3
Triple point83.8058 K, ​68.89 kPa[2]
Critical point150.687 K, 4.863 MPa[2]
Heat of fusion1.18 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization6.53 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity20.85[3] J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K) 4753617187
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0
ElectronegativityPauling scale: no data
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 1520.6 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 2665.8 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 3931 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Covalent radius106±10 pm
Van der Waals radius188 pm
Color lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines of argon
Other properties
Natural occurrenceprimordial
Crystal structureface-centered cubic (fcc)
Face-centered cubic crystal structure for argon
Speed of sound323 m/s (gas, at 27 °C)
Thermal conductivity17.72×103  W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic orderingdiamagnetic[4]
Molar magnetic susceptibility−19.6·10−6 cm3/mol[5]
CAS Number7440-37-1
History
Discovery and first isolationLord Rayleigh and William Ramsay (1894)
Isotopes of argon
Main isotopes[6]Decay
abun­dancehalf-life (t1/2)modepro­duct
36Ar0.334%stable
37Arsynth35 dε37Cl
38Ar0.0630%stable
39Artrace268 yβ39K
40Ar99.6%stable
41Arsynth109.34 minβ41K
42Arsynth32.9 yβ42K
 Category: Argon
| references

The name "argon" is from the Greek word ἀργός meaning "lazy" or "inactive" because it does not react with other chemicals.

Chemistry

Argon atoms are found in air. About 1% of the Earth's atmosphere (the air around us) is argon. It is not toxic and it does not burn easily.[7] Not many compounds can be made from Argon. However, some compounds have been formed, like argon fluorohydride (HArF). Argon is a heavier gas than helium, so if a balloon is filled with argon, it would fall to the ground.

History

Argon was first removed from air in 1894 by Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay at University College London by removing oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen from a sample of clean air.[8][9]

Isotopes

The main isotopes of argon found on Earth are 40Ar (99.6%), 36Ar (0.34%), and 38Ar (0.06%). The most abundant isotope of argon is 40Ar. But other planets have different isotopes of argon.[10]

Production

Argon is gotten industrially by the fractional distillation of liquid air. About 700,000 tonnes of argon are produced worldwide every year.[11][10]

40Ar is made by the decay of 40K with a half-life of 1.25 billion years by electron capture or positron emission. Because of this, it is used in knowing how old rocks are.

Uses

Argon is often used when welding steel and similar work, to push away the air around the weld, so the oxygen in the air can't join with the metal being welded. It can also be used in neon lights for a purple color. Argon is used in the poultry industry to asphyxiate birds.[12][13] Argon is sometimes used for extinguishing (ending) fires.[14]

Liquid argon is used in neutrino experiments and looking for dark matter. Argon is used to preserve food.[15] Argon is sometimes used as the propellant in aerosol cans. Argon is also used as a preservative for such products as varnish, polyurethane, and paint. Argon has been used by athletes as a doping agent and has been banned as use.[16] It is used to know how old rocks are.

Related pages

Sources