Sardele

Sardele
Naučna klasifikacija
Domen:	Eukaryota
Carstvo:	Animalia
Tip:	Chordata
Klasa:	Actinopterygii
Red:	Clupeiformes
Porodica:	Engraulidae
Podfamilije i rodivo
	Coiliinae Coilia; Lycothrissa; Papuengraulis; Pseudosetipinna; Setipinna; Thryssa; ; Engraulinae Amazonsprattus; Anchoa; Anchovia; Anchoviella; Cetengraulis; Encrasicholina; Engraulis; Jurengraulis; Lycengraulis; Pterengraulis; Stolephorus; ;

Sardele ili inćuni su male, široko zastupljene krmne riba iz porodice Engraulidae. Većina vrsta se nalazi u morskim vodama, nekoliko njih ulazi u barktičnu vodu, a neke vrste u Južnoj Americi su ograničene na slatku vodu^[2]

Postoji više od 140 vrsta koje su grupisane u 17 rodova. One su prisutne u Antlanskom, Indijskom i Tihom okeanu, kao i u Crnom moru i Sredozemnom moru. Sardele se obično klasifikuju kao uljaste ribe.^[3]

Sistematika

Rodovi

Rodovi familije Engraulidae
Rodovi	Vrste	Komentar	Rodovi	Vrste	Komentar
Amazonsprattus^[4]	1		Anchoa	35
Anchovia	3		Anchoviella	4
Cetengraulis	2		Coilia	13
Encrasicholina	5		Engraulis^[5]	9	Tipski rod sardela: Ovaj rod sadrži sve komercijalno značajne sardele
Jurengraulis	1		Lycengraulis	4
Lycothrissa	1		Papuengraulis	1
Pseudosetipinna	1		Pterengraulis	1
Setipinna	8		Stolephorus	20
Thryssa	24

Vrste

Amazonsprattus scintilla Roberts, 1984
Anchoa analis (Miller, 1945)
Anchoa argentivittata (Regan, 1904)
Anchoa belizensis (Thomerson and Greenfield, 1975)
Anchoa cayorum (Fowler, 1906)
Anchoa chamensis Hildebrand, 1943
Anchoa choerostoma (Goode, 1874)
Anchoa colonensis Hildebrand, 1943
Anchoa compressa (Girard, 1858)
Anchoa cubana (Poey, 1868)
Anchoa curta (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
Anchoa delicatissima (Girard, 1854)
Anchoa eigenmannia (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)
Anchoa exigua (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
Anchoa filifera (Fowler, 1915)
Anchoa helleri (Hubbs, 1921)
Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anchoa ischana (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879)
Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand, 1943
Anchoa lucida (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann and Marsh, 1900)
Anchoa marinii Hildebrand, 1943
Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Anchoa mundeola (Gilbert and Pierson in Jordan and Evermann, 1898)
Anchoa mundeoloides (Breder, 1928)
Anchoa nasus (Kner and Steindachner, 1867)
Anchoa panamensis (Steindachner, 1877)
Anchoa parva (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)
Anchoa pectoralis Hildebrand, 1943
Anchoa scofieldi (Jordan and Culver in Jordan, 1895)
Anchoa spinifer (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Anchoa starksi (Gilbert and Pierson in Jordan and Evermann, 1898)
Anchoa tricolor (Spix and Agassiz, 1829)
Anchoa trinitatis (Fowler, 1915)
Anchoa walkeri Baldwin and Chang, 1970
Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson, 1839)
Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner, 1863)
Anchovia surinamensis (Bleeker, 1866)
Anchoviella alleni (Myers, 1940)
Anchoviella balboae (Jordan and Seale, 1926)
Anchoviella blackburni Hildebrand, 1943
Anchoviella brevirostris (Günther, 1868)
Anchoviella carrikeri Fowler, 1940
Anchoviella cayennensis (Puyo, 1946)
Anchoviella elongata (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)
Anchoviella guianensis (Eigenmann, 1912)
Anchoviella jamesi (Jordan and Seale, 1926)
Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911)
Anchoviella manamensis Cervigón, 1982
Anchoviella nattereri (Steindachner, 1879)
Anchoviella perezi Cervigón, 1987
Anchoviella perfasciata (Poey, 1860)
Anchoviella shantungensis Li, 1978
Anchoviella vaillanti (Steindachner, 1908)
Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829)
Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther, 1867)
Coilia borneensis Bleeker, 1852
Coilia brachygnathus Kreyenberg and Pappenheim, 1908
Coilia coomansi Hardenberg, 1934
Coilia dussumieri Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848
Coilia grayii Richardson, 1845
Coilia lindmani Bleeker, 1858
Coilia macrognathos Bleeker, 1852
Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coilia nasus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
Coilia neglecta Whitehead, 1967
Coilia ramcarati (Hamilton, 1822)
Coilia rebentischii Bleeker, 1858
Coilia reynaldi Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848
Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley, 1940)
Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell, 1837)
Encrasicholina oligobranchus (Wongratana, 1983)
Encrasicholina punctifer Fowler, 1938
Encrasicholina purpurea (Fowler, 1900)
Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini in Marini, 1935
Engraulis australis (White, 1790)
Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Engraulis eurystole (Swain and Meek, 1884)
Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854
Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842
Jurengraulis juruensis (Boulenger, 1898)
Lycengraulis batesii (Günther, 1868)
Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829)
Lycengraulis limnichthys Schultz, 1949
Lycengraulis poeyi (Kner, 1863)
Lycothrissa crocodilus (Bleeker, 1851)
Papuengraulis micropinna Munro, 1964
Pseudosetipinna haizhouensis Peng and Zhao, 1988
Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnaeus, 1766)
Setipinna breviceps (Cantor, 1849)
Setipinna brevifilis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849)
Setipinna paxtoni Wongratana, 1987
Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822)
Setipinna taty (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Setipinna wheeleri Wongratana, 1983
Stolephorus advenus Wongratana, 1987
Stolephorus andhraensis Babu Rao, 1966
Stolephorus apiensis (Jordan and Seale, 1906)
Stolephorus baganensis Hardenberg, 1933
Stolephorus brachycephalus Wongratana, 1983
Stolephorus carpentariae (De Vis, 1882)
Stolephorus chinensis (Günther, 1880)
Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède, 1803
Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983
Stolephorus holodon (Boulenger, 1900)
Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823)
Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933
Stolephorus multibranchus Wongratana, 1987
Stolephorus nelsoni Wongratana, 1987
Stolephorus pacificus Baldwin, 1984
Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983
Stolephorus tri (Bleeker, 1852)
Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale, 1926
Thryssa adelae (Rutter, 1897)
Thryssa aestuaria (Ogilby, 1910)
Thryssa baelama (Forsskål, 1775)
Thryssa brevicauda Roberts, 1978
Thryssa chefuensis (Günther, 1874)
Thryssa dayi Wongratana, 1983
Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
Thryssa encrasicholoides (Bleeker, 1852)
Thryssa gautamiensis Babu Rao, 1971
Thryssa hamiltonii Gray, 1835
Thryssa kammalensis (Bleeker, 1849)
Thryssa kammalensoides Wongratana, 1983
Thryssa malabarica (Bloch, 1795)
Thryssa marasriae Wongratana, 1987
Thryssa mystax (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
Thryssa polybranchialis Wongratana, 1983
Thryssa purava (Hamilton, 1822)
Thryssa rastrosa Roberts, 1978
Thryssa scratchleyi (Ramsay and Ogilby, 1886)
Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet, 1782)
Thryssa spinidens (Jordan and Seale, 1925)
Thryssa stenosoma Wongratana, 1983
Thryssa vitrirostris (Gilchrist and Thompson, 1908)
Thryssa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983

Ekologija

Sardele su značajan izvor hrane za skoro sve predatorske ribe u svom okruženju, uključujući kalifornijske iverke, prugaste grgeče, žutorepe, ajkule, kralske losose, i Oncorhynchus kisutch. One su isto tako ekstremno važne za morske sisare i ptice; na primer, uspeh uzgoja of kalifornijskih smeđih pelikana^[6] i elegantnih čigri snažno je povezan s obiljem inćuna.

Vidi još

Sardine

Reference

Literatura

Spoljašnje veze

"Fisheries Ebb and Flow in 50-Year Cycle" by Cameron Walker, National Geographic News (January 9, 2003).
Chisholm, Hugh, ур. (1911). „Anchovy”. Encyclopædia Britannica (на језику: енглески) (11 изд.). Cambridge University Press.

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