Konsonan |
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IPA | Conto |
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b | buy, cab | d | die, cad | ð | thy, breathe, father | dʒ | giant, badge, jam | f | phi, caff, fan | ɡ (ɡ)[1] | guy, bag | h | high, ahead | j | yes, yacht | k | sky, crack | l | lie, sly, gal | m | my, smile, cam | n | nigh, snide, can | ŋ | sang, sink, singer | ŋɡ | finger, anger | θ | thigh, math | p | pie, spy, cap | r | rye, try, very[2] | s | sigh, mass | ʃ | shy, cash, emotion | t | tie, sty, cat, atom | tʃ | China, catch | v | vie, have | w | wye, swine | hw | why[3] | z | xi, zoo, has | ʒ | pleasure, vision, beige[4] | Marginal consonants |
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x | ugh, loch, Chanukah[5] | ʔ | uh-oh /ˈʌʔoʊ/ |
| Vowels |
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IPA | Full vowels | ... followed by R[6][7] |
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ɑː | palm, baht, father, bra | ɑr | start, bard, barn, snarl, star (also /ɑːr./) | ɒ | lot, pod, song, doll[8] | ɒr | moral, forage | æ | trap, pad, shall, ban | ær | barrow, marry | aɪ | price, ride, file, fine, pie[9] | aɪər | fire (/aɪr./)[7] | aʊ | mouth, loud, foul, down, how | aʊər | hour (/aʊr./)[7] | ɛ | dress, bed, fell, men[10] | ɛr | error, merry[11] | eɪ | face, made, fail, vein, pay | ɛər | square, scared, scarce, cairn, Mary (/eɪr./)[12][7] | ɪ | kit, lid, fill, bin | ɪr | mirror, Sirius | iː | fleece, seed, feel, mean, sea | ɪər | near, beard, fierce, serious (/iːr./) | ɔː | thought, Maud, dawn, fall, straw[13] | ɔr | north, born, for, aural (/ɔːr./) | ɔɪ | choice, void, foil, coin, boy | ɔɪər | loir, coir (/ɔɪr./)[7] | oʊ | goat, code, foal, bone, go[14] | ɔər | force, boar, more, oral (/oʊr./)[15] | ʊ | foot, good, full, woman | ʊr | courier | uː | goose, food, fool, soon, chew | ʊər | boor, moor, tourist (/uːr./)[16] | juː | cued, cute, mule, tune, queue[17] | jʊər | cure | ʌ | strut, mud, dull, gun[18] | ʌr | borough, hurry | ɜr | nurse, word, girl, fern, furry (/ɝː/)[19] | Reduced vowels |
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ə | Rosa’s, a mission, comma | ər | letter, perform (also /ɚ/)[19] | ɨ | roses, emission[20] (either ɪ or ə) | ən | button | ɵ | omission[21] (either oʊ or ə) | əm | rhythm | ʉ | beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ])[22] (either ʊ or ə) | əl | bottle | i | happy, serious[23] (either ɪ or iː) | ᵊ, ⁱ | (vowel is frequently dropped: nasturtium) | | Stress | Syllabification |
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IPA | Examples | IPA | Examples |
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ˈ | intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,[24] battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[25] | . | shellfish /ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/, selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɨʃ/ nitrate /ˈnaɪ.treɪt/, night-rate /ˈnaɪt.reɪt/ hire /ˈhaɪər/, higher /ˈhaɪ.ər/ moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/, Windhoek /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/ Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/[26] | ˌ |
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