ವೈದ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ
ವೈದ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ/ಪಾರಿತೋಷಕ ಇದು ವೈದ್ಯಕೀಯ ಅಥವಾ ಶರೀರಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿನ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಸಾಧನೆಗಾಗಿ ನೀಡುವ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ. ಈ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಕ್ಯಾರೋಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಇನಸ್ಟಿಟ್ಯೂಟ್ ಕೊಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಈ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ೧೯೦೧ರಲ್ಲಿ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. ಪ್ರಥಮ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ೧೯೦೧ರಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಜರ್ಮನಿಯ ಎಮಿಲ್ ಅಡೊಲ್ಫ್ ವಾನ್ ಬೆಹ್ರಿಂಗ್ ಇವರಿಗೆ ಕೊಡಲಾಗಿತ್ತು. ೨೦೦೮ರ ವೈದ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ ದೇಶದ ಇಬ್ಬರು ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಜರ್ಮನಿಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿಗೆ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತವಾಗಿ ಕೊಡಮಾಡಲಾಗುವದು. ಜರ್ಮನಿಯ ಹರಾಲ್ಡ್ ಝುರ್ ಹೌಸೆನ್ ಇವರಿಗೆ ಸರ್ವಿಕಲ್ ಕ್ಯಾನ್ಸರ್ ಉಂಟುಮಾಡುವ ವೈರಸ್ ಗಳ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ ದೇಶದ ಫ್ರಾಂಕಾಯಿಸ್ ಬ್ಯಾರ್ರೆ-ಸಿನೌಸಿ ಮತ್ತು ಲುಕ್ ಮಾಂಟೆಗ್ನಿಯರ್ ಇವರಿಗೆ ಏಯ್ಡ್ಸ್ ಉಂಟುಮಾಡುವ ರೋಗಾಣುಗಳ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗೆ ೨೦೦೮ರ ವೈದ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಯನ್ನು ಘೋಷಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.
ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ವಿಜೇತರ ಪಟ್ಟಿ
ಈ ಕೆಳಕಂಡ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ೧೯೦೧ ಇಸವಿಯಿಂದ ವೈದ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ನೊಬೆಲ್ ಪಾರಿತೋಷಕವನ್ನು ಪಡೆದವರನ್ನು ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಾಡಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ೧೮೯ ಮಂದಿ ಇದ್ದಾರೆ.[೧]
| ವರ್ಷ | ಹೆಸರು | ದೇಶ | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 | ಎಮಿಲ್ ಅಡೋಲ್ಫ್ ವಾನ್ ಬೆಹ್ರಿಂಗ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against ಧನುರ್ವಾಯು (diphtheria), by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"[೨] |
| 1902 | ರೋನಾಲ್ಡ್ ರಾಸ್ | ಇಂಗ್ಲೇಂಡ್ | "for his work on ಮಲೇರಿಯ, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"[೩] |
| 1903 | ನೀಲ್ಸ್ ರೈಬರ್ಗ್ ಫಿನ್ಸೆನ್ | ಡೆನ್ಮಾರ್ಕ್ | "in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"[೪] |
| 1904 | ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊವಿಕ್ ಪಾವ್ಲೊವ್ | ರಷ್ಯಾ | "in recognition of his work on the physiology of ಜೀರ್ಣಾಂಗ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"[೫] |
| 1905 | ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ ಕೊಚ್ | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to ಟ್.ಬಿ.ಕಾಯಿಲೆ/tuberculosis"[೬] |
| 1906 | ಕಮಿಲೊ ಗೊಲ್ಗಿ ಸಾಂಟಿಯಾಗೊ ರಮೊನ್ ಯ್ ಕಜಲ್ | ಇಟಲಿ ಸ್ಪೇನ್ | " ನರಮಂಡಲ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮತ್ತು ಅದರ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಅರಿವಿಗಾಗಿ (nervous system)"[೭] |
| 1907 | ಚಾರ್ಲ್ಸ್ ಲೂಯಿಸ್ ಆಲ್ಪೆನ್ಸ್ ಲಾವೆರನ್ | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases"[೮] |
| 1908 | ಲ್ಯ ಲ್ಯಿಚ್ ಮೆಚ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಎಹ್ರಲಿಚ್ | ರಷ್ಯಾ ಜರ್ಮನಿ | " ರೋಗ ನಿರೋಧಕ ಶಕ್ತಿಯ ಮೇಲಿನ ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕಾಗಿ( immunity)"[೯] |
| 1909 | ಎಮಿಲ್ ಥಿದೋರ್ ಕೊಚೆರ್ | ಸ್ವಿಟ್ಜರ್ಲೆಂಡ್ | " ಥೈರಾಯ್ಡ್ ಗ್ರಂಥಿಯ ಮೇಲಿನ ಅದ್ಯಯನ ಮತ್ತು ಶಸ್ತ್ರ ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ (thyroid gland)"[೧೦] |
| 1910 | Albrecht Kossel | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances"[೧೧] |
| 1911 | Allvar Gullstrand | ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ | "for his work on the dioptrics of the ನೇತ್ರ(eye)"[೧೨] |
| 1912 | Alexis Carrel | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs"[೧೩] |
| 1913 | Charles Robert Richet | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis"[೧೪] |
| 1914 | Robert Bárány | ಹಂಗರಿ /ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯ | "for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"[೧೫] |
| 1915 | [ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲ] | ||
| 1916 | [ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲ] | ||
| 1917 | [ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲ] | ||
| 1918 | [ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲ] | ||
| 1919 | Jules Bordet | ಬೆಲ್ಜಿಯಂ | "for his discoveries relating to immunity"[೧೬] |
| 1920 | Schack August Steenberg Krogh | ಡೆನ್ಮಾರ್ಕ್ | "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism" (for showing that the gas exchange in the lungs is ordinary diffusion)[೧೭] |
| 1921 | [ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಇಲ್ಲ] | ||
| 1922 | Archibald Vivian Hill | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle"[೧೮] |
| Otto Fritz Meyerhof | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"[೧೮] | |
| 1923 | Frederick Grant Banting John James Richard Macleod | ಕೆನಡಾ ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for the discovery of insulin"[೧೯] |
| 1924 | Willem Einthoven | ನೆದರ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ಸ್ | "for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram"[೨೦] |
| 1925 | [No award] | ||
| 1926 | Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger | ಡೆನ್ಮಾರ್ಕ್ | "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma"[೨೧] |
| 1927 | Julius Wagner-Jauregg | ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯ | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"[೨೨] |
| 1928 | Charles Jules Henri Nicolle | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "for his work on typhus"[೨೩] |
| 1929 | Christiaan Eijkman | ನೆದರ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ಸ್ | "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"[೨೪] |
| Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"[೨೪] | |
| 1930 | Karl Landsteiner | ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯ | "for his discovery of human blood groups"[೨೫] |
| 1931 | Otto Heinrich Warburg | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"[೨೬] |
| 1932 | Sir Charles Scott Sherrington Edgar Douglas Adrian | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons"[೨೭] |
| 1933 | Thomas Hunt Morgan | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity"[೨೮] |
| 1934 | George Hoyt Whipple George Richards Minot William Parry Murphy | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"[೨೯] |
| 1935 | Hans Spemann | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development"[೩೦] |
| 1936 | Sir Henry Hallett Dale Otto Loewi | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ; ಜರ್ಮನಿ 1903: ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯ 1946: ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"[೩೧] |
| 1937 | Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrapolt | ಹಂಗರಿ | "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"[೩೨] |
| 1938 | Corneille Jean François Heymans | ಬೆಲ್ಜಿಯಂ | "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration"[೩೩] |
| 1939 | Gerhard Domagk | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil"[೩೪] |
| 1940 | [No award] | ||
| 1941 | [No award] | ||
| 1942 | [No award] | ||
| 1943 | Carl Peter Henrik Dam | ಡೆನ್ಮಾರ್ಕ್ | "for his discovery of vitamin K"[೩೫] |
| Edward Adelbert Doisy | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"[೩೫] | |
| 1944 | Joseph Erlanger Herbert Spencer Gasser | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"[೩೬] |
| 1945 | Sir Alexander Fleming Ernst Boris Chain Sir Howard Walter Florey | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ; ಜರ್ಮನಿ /ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ; Australia /ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"[೩೭] |
| 1946 | Hermann Joseph Muller | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation"[೩೮] |
| 1947 | Carl Ferdinand Cori Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz | Czechoslovakia /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; Czechoslovakia /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[೩೯] |
| Bernardo Alberto Houssay | Argentina | "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar"[೩೯] | |
| 1948 | Paul Hermann Müller | Switzerland | "for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods"[೪೦] |
| 1949 | Walter Rudolf Hess | Switzerland | "for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"[೪೧] |
| Antonio Caetano De Abreu Freire Egas Moniz | Portugal | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"[೪೧] | |
| 1950 | Edward Calvin Kendall Tadeusz Reichstein Philip Showalter Hench | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; Poland /Switzerland; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"[೪೨] |
| 1951 | Max Theiler | ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ /Switzerland | "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"[೪೩] |
| 1952 | Selman Abraham Waksman | Russia, 1916: ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"[೪೪] |
| 1953 | Hans Adolf Krebs | ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಜರ್ಮನಿ /ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for his discovery of the citric acid cycle"[೪೫] |
| Fritz Albert Lipmann | ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಜರ್ಮನಿ /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"[೪೫] | |
| 1954 | John Franklin Enders Thomas Huckle Weller Frederick Chapman Robbins | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"[೪೬] |
| 1955 | Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell | ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ | "for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"[೪೭] |
| 1956 | André Frédéric Cournand Werner Forssmann Dickinson W. Richards | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್, 1941: ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಜರ್ಮನಿ ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"[೪೮] |
| 1957 | Daniel Bovet | Switzerland /Italy | "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"[೪೯] |
| 1958 | George Wells Beadle Edward Lawrie Tatum | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"[೫೦] |
| Joshua Lederberg | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"[೫೦] | |
| 1959 | Severo Ochoa Arthur Kornberg | ಸ್ಪೇನ್ /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"[೫೧] |
| 1960 | Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet Peter Brian Medawar | Australia; ಬ್ರೆಜಿಲ್ /ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"[೫೨] |
| 1961 | Georg von Békésy | Hungary | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"[೫೩] |
| 1962 | Francis Harry Compton Crick James Dewey Watson Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; New Zealand /ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"[೫೪] |
| 1963 | Sir John Carew Eccles Alan Lloyd Hodgkin Andrew Fielding Huxley | Australia ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"[೫೫] |
| 1964 | Konrad Bloch Feodor Lynen | ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಜರ್ಮನಿ /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"[೫೬] |
| 1965 | François Jacob André Lwoff Jacques Monod | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"[೫೭] |
| 1966 | Peyton Rous | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses"[೫೮] |
| Charles B. Huggins | ಕೆನಡಾ /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer"[೫೮] | |
| 1967 | Ragnar Granit Haldan Keffer Hartline George Wald | Finland 1940: ಸ್ವೀಡನ್; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"[೫೯] |
| 1968 | Robert W. Holley Har Gobind Khorana Marshall W. Nirenberg | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; India 1966: ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"[೬೦] |
| 1969 | Max Delbrück Alfred Hershey Salvador E. Luria | ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಜರ್ಮನಿ /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; Italy | "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"[೬೧] |
| 1970 | Sir Bernard Katz Ulf von Euler Julius Axelrod | ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಜರ್ಮನಿ 1941: ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ; ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"[೬೨] |
| 1971 | Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones"[೬೩] |
| 1972 | Gerald M. Edelman Rodney R. Porter | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"[೬೪] |
| 1973 | Karl von Frisch Konrad Lorenz Nikolaas Tinbergen | ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯ ನೆದರ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ಸ್ | "for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"[೬೫] |
| 1974 | Albert Claude Christian de Duve George E. Palade | ಬೆಲ್ಜಿಯಂ; ಬೆಲ್ಜಿಯಂ; ರೊಮೇನಿಯ 1952: ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"[೬೬] |
| 1975 | David Baltimore Renato Dulbecco Howard Martin Temin | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಇಟಲಿ /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"[೬೭] |
| 1976 | Baruch S. Blumberg D. Carleton Gajdusek | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"[೬೮] |
| 1977 | Roger Guillemin Andrew Viktor Schally | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ 1965: ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"[೬೯] |
| Rosalyn Yalow | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"[೬೯] | |
| 1978 | Werner Arber Daniel Nathans Hamilton O. Smith | Switzerland ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[೭೦] |
| 1979 | Allan M. Cormack Godfrey N. Hounsfield | ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ 1966: ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for the development of computer assisted tomography"[೭೧] |
| 1980 | Baruj Benacerraf Jean Dausset George D. Snell | Venezuela 1943: ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್; ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"[೭೨] |
| 1981 | Roger W. Sperry | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"[೭೩] |
| David H. Hubel Torsten N. Wiesel | ಕೆನಡಾ /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ | "for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"[೭೩] | |
| 1982 | Sune Bergström Bengt I. Samuelsson John R. Vane | ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"[೭೪] |
| 1983 | Barbara McClintock | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"[೭೫] |
| 1984 | Niels K. Jerne Georges J.F. Köhler César Milstein | ಡೆನ್ಮಾರ್ಕ್; ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಜರ್ಮನಿ; Argentina | "for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"[೭೬] |
| 1985 | Michael S. Brown Joseph L. Goldstein | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"[೭೭] |
| 1986 | Stanley Cohen Rita Levi-Montalcini | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ; Italy /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries of growth factors"[೭೮] |
| 1987 | Susumu Tonegawa | Japan | "for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"[೭೯] |
| 1988 | Sir James W. Black Gertrude B. Elion George H. Hitchings | ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"[೮೦] |
| 1989 | J. Michael Bishop Harold E. Varmus | ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"[೮೧] |
| 1990 | Joseph E. Murray E. Donnall Thomas | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"[೮೨] |
| 1991 | Erwin Neher Bert Sakmann | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"[೮೩] |
| 1992 | Edmond H. Fischer Edwin G. Krebs | Switzerland /ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ; ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"[೮೪] |
| 1993 | Richard J. Roberts Phillip A. Sharp | ಯುನೈಟಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discoveries of split genes"[೮೫] |
| 1994 | Alfred G. Gilman Martin Rodbell | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"[೮೬] |
| 1995 | Edward B. Lewis Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Eric F. Wieschaus | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ ಜರ್ಮನಿ ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"[೮೭] |
| 1996 | Peter C. Doherty Rolf M. Zinkernagel | Australia Switzerland | "for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence"[೮೮] |
| 1997 | Stanley B. Prusiner | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection"[೮೯] |
| 1998 | Robert F. Furchgott Louis J. Ignarro Ferid Murad | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[೯೦] |
| 1999 | Günter Blobel | ಜರ್ಮನಿ 1987: ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"[೯೧] |
| 2000 | Arvid Carlsson Paul Greengard Eric R. Kandel | ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"[೯೨] |
| 2001 | Leland H. Hartwell R. Timothy (Tim) Hunt Sir Paul M. Nurse | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ ಯುನೈಟಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ ಯುನೈಟಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"[೯೩] |
| 2002 | Sydney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz John E. Sulston | ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಫ್ರಿಕ /ಯುನೈಟಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ 2003: Singapore[೯೪] (honorary); ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ; ಯುನೈಟಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"[೯೫] |
| 2003 | Paul Lauterbur Sir Peter Mansfield | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ ಯುನೈಟಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ | "for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"[೯೬] |
| 2004 | Richard Axel Linda B. Buck | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"[೯೭] |
| 2005 | Barry J. Marshall J. Robin Warren | ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೇಲಿಯ | "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"[೯೮] |
| 2006 | Andrew Z. Fire Craig C. Mello | ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ | "for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"[೯೯] |
| 2007 | Mario Capecchi Sir Martin Evans Oliver Smithies | ಇಟಲಿ /ಯು.ಎಸ್.ಎ; ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ; ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್‌ಡಂ /ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ | "for their discoveries for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells."[೧೦೦] |
| 2008 | Harald zur Hausen | ಜರ್ಮನಿ | "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"[೧೦೧] |
| Françoise Barré-Sinoussi Luc Montagnier | ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ | "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"[೧೦೧] | |
| ೨೦೧೬ | ಯೊಶಿನೋರಿ ಓಶುಮಿ | ಜಪಾನ್ | ತಮ್ಮ ಸ್ವಯಂಭಕ್ಷಣ ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನದ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗಾಗಿ[೧೦೨] |
ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ
- All Nobel Laureates in Medicine Archived 2008-08-27 ವೇಬ್ಯಾಕ್ ಮೆಷಿನ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ. – Index webpage on the official site of the Nobel Foundation.
- The Nobel Prize Medals and the Medal for the Prize in Economics Archived 2007-10-27 ವೇಬ್ಯಾಕ್ ಮೆಷಿನ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ. – By Birgitta Lemmel; an article on the history of the design of the medals featured on the official site.
- The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Archived 2006-08-15 ವೇಬ್ಯಾಕ್ ಮೆಷಿನ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ. – Official site of the Nobel Foundation.
- What the Nobel Laureates Receive Archived 2007-10-30 ವೇಬ್ಯಾಕ್ ಮೆಷಿನ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ. – Featured link in The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies.
- Nobel Prize Internet Archive of Laureates in Physiology or Medicine
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