ټونگسټن

کیمیاوي عنصر

ټونگسټن (په انگرېزي: Tungsten) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د W سمبول او v۴ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

Tungsten,  74W
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation /ˈtʌŋstən/; /ˈwʊlfrəm/
TUNG-stən; WUUL-frəm
Alternative namewolfram
Appearancegrayish white, lustrous
Tungsten په دوراني جدول کې
Hydrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (polyatomic nonmetal)
Nitrogen (diatomic nonmetal)
Oxygen (diatomic nonmetal)
Fluorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (polyatomic nonmetal)
Sulfur (polyatomic nonmetal)
Chlorine (diatomic nonmetal)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (polyatomic nonmetal)
Bromine (diatomic nonmetal)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (diatomic nonmetal)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanide)
Cerium (lanthanide)
Praseodymium (lanthanide)
Neodymium (lanthanide)
Promethium (lanthanide)
Samarium (lanthanide)
Europium (lanthanide)
Gadolinium (lanthanide)
Terbium (lanthanide)
Dysprosium (lanthanide)
Holmium (lanthanide)
Erbium (lanthanide)
Thulium (lanthanide)
Ytterbium (lanthanide)
Lutetium (lanthanide)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (metalloid)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinide)
Thorium (actinide)
Protactinium (actinide)
Uranium (actinide)
Neptunium (actinide)
Plutonium (actinide)
Americium (actinide)
Curium (actinide)
Berkelium (actinide)
Californium (actinide)
Einsteinium (actinide)
Fermium (actinide)
Mendelevium (actinide)
Nobelium (actinide)
Lawrencium (actinide)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Nihonium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Moscovium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Tennessine (unknown chemical properties)
Oganesson (unknown chemical properties)
Mo

W

Sg
tantalumtungstenrhenium
اټومي شمیره (Z)74
گروپ, پیریودgroup 6, period 6
بلاکd-block
Element category  transition metal
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)کينډۍ:Val[۱]
Electron configuration[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[۲]
Electrons per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
يشنا ټکی6203 K ​(5930 °C, ​10706 °F)
Density near r.t.19.25 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.17.6 g/cm3
Heat of fusion52.31 kJ/mol[۳][۴]
Heat of vaporization774 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.27 J/(mol·K)
Vapor pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)347737734137457951275823
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4 ​(a mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.36
Ionization energies
  • 1st: 770 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1700 kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius162±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for tungsten
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for tungsten
Speed of sound thin rod4620 m/s (at r.t.) (annealed)
Thermal expansion4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity52.8 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[۵]
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)+59.0·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[۶]
Young's modulus411 GPa
Shear modulus161 GPa
Bulk modulus310 GPa
Poisson ratio0.28
Mohs hardness7.5
Vickers hardness3430–4600 MPa
Brinell hardness2000–4000 MPa
CAS Number7440-33-7
History
DiscoveryCarl Wilhelm Scheele (1781)
First isolationJuan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Named byTorbern Bergman (1781)
Main isotopes of tungsten
آيسو­ټوپAbun­danceنیم ژوند (t1/2)Decay modePro­duct
180W0.12%1.8×1018 yα176Hf
181Wsyn121.2 dε181Ta
182W26.50%stable
183W14.31%stable
184W30.64%stable
185Wsyn75.1 dβ185Re
186W28.43%stable
| references | in Wikidata

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