ଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ

ଟଙ୍ଗ୍‌ଷ୍ଟନ (wolfram; ଓଲ୍‌ଫ୍ରାମ୍ ଭାବେ ବି ଜଣା) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ରାସାୟନିକ ମୌଳିକ ଯାହାର ପ୍ରତୀକ Wପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ ୭୪ ।

Tungsten,  74W
ସାଧାରଣ ଗୁଣ
ନାମ, ପ୍ରତୀକtungsten, W
Appearancegrayish white, lustrous
ଉଚ୍ଚାରଣ/ˈtʌŋstən/ TUNG-stən;
/ˈwʊlfrəm/ WUUL-frəm
Tungsten in the periodic table
Hydrogen (other non-metal)
Helium (noble gas)
Lithium (alkali metal)
Beryllium (alkaline earth metal)
Boron (metalloid)
Carbon (other non-metal)
Nitrogen (other non-metal)
Oxygen (other non-metal)
Fluorine (halogen)
Neon (noble gas)
Sodium (alkali metal)
Magnesium (alkaline earth metal)
Aluminium (post-transition metal)
Silicon (metalloid)
Phosphorus (other non-metal)
Sulfur (other non-metal)
Chlorine (halogen)
Argon (noble gas)
Potassium (alkali metal)
Calcium (alkaline earth metal)
Scandium (transition metal)
Titanium (transition metal)
Vanadium (transition metal)
Chromium (transition metal)
Manganese (transition metal)
Iron (transition metal)
Cobalt (transition metal)
Nickel (transition metal)
Copper (transition metal)
Zinc (transition metal)
Gallium (post-transition metal)
Germanium (metalloid)
Arsenic (metalloid)
Selenium (other non-metal)
Bromine (halogen)
Krypton (noble gas)
Rubidium (alkali metal)
Strontium (alkaline earth metal)
Yttrium (transition metal)
Zirconium (transition metal)
Niobium (transition metal)
Molybdenum (transition metal)
Technetium (transition metal)
Ruthenium (transition metal)
Rhodium (transition metal)
Palladium (transition metal)
Silver (transition metal)
Cadmium (transition metal)
Indium (post-transition metal)
Tin (post-transition metal)
Antimony (metalloid)
Tellurium (metalloid)
Iodine (halogen)
Xenon (noble gas)
Caesium (alkali metal)
Barium (alkaline earth metal)
Lanthanum (lanthanoid)
Cerium (lanthanoid)
Praseodymium (lanthanoid)
Neodymium (lanthanoid)
Promethium (lanthanoid)
Samarium (lanthanoid)
Europium (lanthanoid)
Gadolinium (lanthanoid)
Terbium (lanthanoid)
Dysprosium (lanthanoid)
Holmium (lanthanoid)
Erbium (lanthanoid)
Thulium (lanthanoid)
Ytterbium (lanthanoid)
Lutetium (lanthanoid)
Hafnium (transition metal)
Tantalum (transition metal)
Tungsten (transition metal)
Rhenium (transition metal)
Osmium (transition metal)
Iridium (transition metal)
Platinum (transition metal)
Gold (transition metal)
Mercury (transition metal)
Thallium (post-transition metal)
Lead (post-transition metal)
Bismuth (post-transition metal)
Polonium (post-transition metal)
Astatine (halogen)
Radon (noble gas)
Francium (alkali metal)
Radium (alkaline earth metal)
Actinium (actinoid)
Thorium (actinoid)
Protactinium (actinoid)
Uranium (actinoid)
Neptunium (actinoid)
Plutonium (actinoid)
Americium (actinoid)
Curium (actinoid)
Berkelium (actinoid)
Californium (actinoid)
Einsteinium (actinoid)
Fermium (actinoid)
Mendelevium (actinoid)
Nobelium (actinoid)
Lawrencium (actinoid)
Rutherfordium (transition metal)
Dubnium (transition metal)
Seaborgium (transition metal)
Bohrium (transition metal)
Hassium (transition metal)
Meitnerium (unknown chemical properties)
Darmstadtium (unknown chemical properties)
Roentgenium (unknown chemical properties)
Copernicium (transition metal)
Ununtrium (unknown chemical properties)
Flerovium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununpentium (unknown chemical properties)
Livermorium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununseptium (unknown chemical properties)
Ununoctium (unknown chemical properties)
Mo

W

Sg
tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium
ପରମାଣୁ କ୍ରମାଙ୍କ (Z)74
ଶ୍ରେଣୀ, ବ୍ଳକgroup 6, d-block
ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟperiod 6
ମୌଳିକ ପ୍ରକାର  transition metal
ମାନକ ପରମାଣବିକ ଓଜନ (Ar)183.84
ଇଲେକ୍‌ଟ୍ରୋନ୍ ବିନ୍ୟାସ[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2[୧]
per shell
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
ଭୌତିକ ଗୁଣ
ଅବସ୍ଥାsolid
ଗଳନାଙ୍କ3695 K ​(3422 °C, ​6192 °F)
ସ୍ଫୁଟନାଙ୍କ5828 K ​(5555 °C, ​10031 °F)
Density near r.t.19.25 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.17.6 g/cm3
Critical point13892 K,  MPa
Heat of fusion35.3 kJ/mol
Heat of 806.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.27 J/(mol·K)
 pressure
P (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
at T (K)347737734137457951275823
Atomic properties
Oxidation states6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2
(mildly acidic oxide)
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 2.36
Atomic radiusempirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius162±7 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure ​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Body-centered cubic crystal structure for tungsten
Speed of sound thin rod(annealed) 4620 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity52.8 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderingparamagnetic[୨]
Young's modulus411 GPa
Shear modulus161 GPa
Bulk modulus310 GPa
Poisson ratio0.28
Mohs hardness7.5
Vickers hardness3430 MPa
Brinell hardness2570 MPa
CAS Number7440-33-7
ଇତିହାସ
ଆବିଷ୍କାରTorbern Bergman (1781)
First isolationJuan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Most stable isotopes of tungsten
isoNAhalf-lifeDMDE (MeV)DP
180W0.12%1.8×1018 yα2.516176Hf
181Wsyn121.2 dε0.188181Ta
182W26.50%>1.7×1020 yα1.772178Hf
183W14.31%>8×1019 yα1.680179Hf
184W30.64%>1.8×1020 yα1.123180Hf
185Wsyn75.1 dβ0.433185Re
186W28.43%>4.1×1018 yα1.656182Hf
ββ-186Os
| references

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