Acetone

Acetone, or propanone, is an organic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2CO. This clear, mobile, easy-to-burn liquid is the simplest example of the ketones. Acetone can be mixed with water. It is an important solvent, often to clean things in the laboratory. Common uses of acetone in the home are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner. It is a common building block in organic chemistry.

Acetone^[1]

Names
Preferred IUPAC name Propan-2-one[7]
Other names Acetone Dimethyl ketone[2] Dimethyl carbonyl β-Ketopropane[2] Propanone[3] 2-Propanone[2] Dimethyl formaldehyde[4] Pyroacetic spirit (archaic)[5] Ketone propane[6]
Identifiers
CAS Number	67-64-1 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
3DMet	B00058
Beilstein Reference	635680
ChEBI	CHEBI:15347 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL14253 Y
ChemSpider	175 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.602
EC Number	200-662-2
Gmelin Reference	1466
KEGG	D02311 Y
MeSH	Acetone
PubChem CID	180
RTECS number	AL3150000
UNII	1364PS73AF Y
UN number	1090
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8021482
SMILES CC(=O)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C3H6O
Molar mass	58.08 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Pungent, irritating, floral, cucumber like
Density	0.7845 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point	−94.7 °C (−138.5 °F; 178.5 K)[12]
Boiling point	56.05 °C (132.89 °F; 329.20 K)[12]
Solubility in water	Miscible
Solubility	Miscible in benzene, diethyl ether, methanol, chloroform, ethanol[8]
log P	-0.16[9]
Vapor pressure	9.39 kPa (0 °C) 30.6 kPa (25 °C) 374 kPa (100 °C) 2.8 MPa (200 °C)[2]
Acidity (pKa)	19.16 (H2O)[10] 26.5 (DMSO)[11]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−33.78·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.3588 (VD = 54.46)
Viscosity	0.295 mPa·s (25 °C)[8]
Structure
Coordination geometry	Trigonal planar at C2
Molecular shape	Dihedral at C2
Dipole moment	2.91 D
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfHo298	(−250.03) – (−248.77) kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcHo298	−1.772 MJ/mol
Standard molar entropy So298	200.4 J/(mol·K)
Specific heat capacity, C	125.45 J/(mol·K)
Hazards
NFPA 704	3 1 0
Explosive limits	2.6–12.8%[13]
U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL)	1000 ppm (2400 mg/m3)[6]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references