Ukungondleki
Ukungondleki noma Ukungabi namsoco isimo esidalwa ukudla okungenazo izakhimzimba ezanele noma okunezakhamzimba eziningi zize zibange izifo.[1][2] Izakhamzimba ezibalwayo zingabandakanya: amakhalori, amaprotheni, isitashi, amavithamini noma amaminerali.[2] Kuvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukubiza ukudla okungenazo izakhamzimba ezanele uma amakhalori, iphrotheni noma izakhamzimba ezincane ezibalulekile engenele; kodwa, kuphinde kubandakanye ukudla okunezakhamzimba eziningi ngokweqile.[3][4]Uma ukushoda kwezakhamzimba kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukhulelwe noma ngaphambi kweminyaka emibili yobudala kungase kudale izinkinga zesikhathi eside ekukhuleni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.[2] Ukungabi nawo kakhulu umsoco, okwaziwa ngendlala, kungaba nezimpawu ezibandakanya: ukuba mfishane, umzimba owondile, amazinga aphansi kakhulu omdlandla, kanye nokuvuvukala kwemilenze kanye nesisu.[2][3]Abantu futhi bavamise ukuthola izifo kanti futhi bajwayele ukugodola. Izimpawu zokungabi nazo izakhamzimba ezincane ezibalulekile kuya ngokuthi yisiphi isakhamzimba esishodayo.[3]
| Ukungondleki | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ukuhlela ngohlobo oluthile kanye nezinsiza zangaphandle | |
| ICD/CIM-9 | 263.9 263.9 |
| MedlinePlus | 000404 |
Ukungabi nawo umsoco imvamisa kudalwa ukungatholi ukudla okusezingeni eliphezulu esingakudla.[5] Lokhu kuvamise ukudalwa amanani aphezulu okudla kanye nenhlupheko.[2][5] Uma ungazange uncelise ubisi lwebele kungase kube nomthelela, ngoba eziningi zezifo ezithelelanayo ezifana: ne-gastroenteritis (ukuvuvukala kwesisu namathumbu), inyumoniya, umalaleveva kanye nesimungumungwana okukwenyusa isidingo somsoco wezakhamzimba.[5] Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zokungabi namsoco: ukungabi namsoco wephrotheni yamandla kanye nokungabi namsoco ekudleni esikudlayo.[4] Ukungabi namsoco wephrotheni yamandla kunezindlela ezimbili ezimbi kakhulu: i-marasmus (ukuntuleka kwephrotheni nekhalori) kanye nekhwashu (ukuntuleka kwephrotheni).[3] Ukungabi khona komsoco okujwayelekile kubandakanya: ukuntuleka i-ayoni, i-ayodini kanye vithamini A.[3] Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngenxa yokunyuka kwesidingo salezi zakhamzimba, ukushoda kwazo kuba yinto ejwayelekile.[6] Kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka ukuba nomsoco ongaphezulu kodingekayo ngokuba yisidudla sekuthanda ukujwayeleka emphakathini njengokungabi namsoco.[7] Ezinye izimbangela zokungondleki zibandakanya i-anorexia nervosa (ukonda ngokweqile) kanye ne-bariatric surgery.[8][9] Kubantu abadala ukungondleki kuba yimvamisa ngenxa yezinto ezithinta umzimba, ingqondo kanye nenhlalakahle.[10]
Imizamo yokwenza ngcono izakhamzimba yizona zindlela ezisebenzayo zokusiza ukukhula.[11] Ukuncelisa ubisi lwebele nakho kunganciphisa ukungondleki kanye nokushona ebantwaneni,[2] kanti nemizamo yokukhuthaza ukwenziwa kwalokhu iyawenyusa amazinga.[12] Ezinganeni ezincane ukuzinika ukudla phezu kobisi lwebele uma sebephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili kuyenza ngcono imiphumela.[12] Kukhona nobufakazi obuhle obeseka ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokudla ezitholakala emsocweni odingekayo ngesikhathi ukhulelwe nasezinganeni ezincane ezweni elithuthukayo.[12] Ukuyisa ukudla kubantu abakudinga kakhulu okungaba ukuhambisa ukudla kanye nokuhambisa imali ukuze abantu bezothenga ukudla ezitolo eziseduze nabo nakho kuyasebenza.[11][13] Ukunika abantu ukudla esikoleni kuphela akwenele.[11] Ukulawulwa kokungondleki okukhulu ekhaya lalowo muntu ukudla okwelaphayo osekulungele ukudliwa kungenzeka isikhathi esiningi.[12] Kulabo abangondlekile okwenziwa nzima ezinye izimo zezempilo kunconywa ukuthi balashelwe esibhedlela.[12] Lokhu kuvamise ukubandakanya ukulawula ukwehla kwezinga likashukela egazini, izinga lokushisa emzimbeni, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, kanye nokudla kancane kancane.[12][14] Kunconywa ukuphuzwa kwama-antibiotic ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lobungozi besifo.[14] Izindlela zesikhathi eside zibandakanya: ukuthuthukisa ezolimo,[15] ukuze kuzoncipha inhlupheko, kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthwa kwendle, kanye ukuhlonyiswa kwabesifazane.[11]
Ngonyaka wezi-2010 abantu ababengondlekile babeyizigidi ezingama-925 emhlabeni, okwakunyuke ngezigidi ezingama-80 kusukela ngonyaka we-1990.[16][17] Esinye isigidigidi sabantu naso silinganiselwa ukuthi sintula amavithamini kanye nezakhamzimba.[11] Ngonyaka wezi-2010 ukushoda komsoco wephrotheni yamandla kuthiwa yaholela ekushoneni kwabantu abangama- 600,000 okwehla kusuka kwabangama- 883,000 ngonyaka we-1990.[18] Okunye ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba, okubandakanya ukushoda kwe-ayodini kanye nokushoda kwe-ayoni, nakho kwabanga ukushona kwabantu abangama-84,000.[18] Ukungondleki ngonyaka wezi-2010 kwaba ngu-1.4% wembangela yabo bonke ababa nokukhubazeka ezimpilweni zabo.[11][19] Kukholakala ukuthi kulinganiselwa kokuthathu kokuyishumi kuyimbangela yokushona kwezingane ngenxa yokungondleki; kodwa-ke, akuvamisile ukuthi kushiwo lokhu njengesizathu sokushona kwengane.[5] Ngonyaka wezi-2010 kuthiwa ukungondleki kwaba nomthelela ekushoneni kwabesifazane nezingane eziyisigidi esi-1.5[20] yize noma isilinganiso sesibalo singaba ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-3 .[12] Ezinye izingane ezingaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-165 ukukhula okufanele kulesi sifo.[12] Ukungondleki kuvamisile emazweni asathuthuka.[21]
