Olympic Gemmes

	Olympic Games
Organizations
	Charter; IOC; NOCs; Seembols; Sports; Competitors; Medal tables; Medallists; Ceremonies; Biddin;
Gemmes
	Auncient Olympic Gemmes; Simmer Olympic Gemmes; Winter Olympic Gemmes; Paralympic Gemmes; Youth Olympic Gemmes;

The modren Olympic Gemmes (French: les Jeux olympiques, JO^[1]) is the leadin internaitional sportin event featurin simmer an winter sports competitions in whilk thoosands o athletes participate in a variety o competitions. The Olympic Gemmes are considered tae be the warld's foremaist sports competeetion wi mair nor 200 naitions participatin.^[2] The Olympic Gemmes are held quadrennially, (ilka fower year) wi the Simmer an Winter Gemmes alternatin, meanin ilk o thaim occur ilka fower year but twa year apairt fae ane anither. Thair creation wis inspired bi the auncient Olympic Gemmes, whilk war held in Olympia, Greece, frae the 8t century BC tae the 4t century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin foondit the Internaitional Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. The IOC is the govrening body o the Olympic Movement, wi the Olympic Charter definin its structur an authority.

Host naitions an ceeties

The host ceety for an Olympic Gemmes is uisually chuisen seiven tae aicht year aheid o thair celebration.^[3] The process o selection is cairried oot in twa phases that span a twa-year period. The prospective host ceety applies tae its kintra's Naitional Olympic Committee; gif mair nor ane ceety frae the same kintra submits a proposal tae its NOC, the naitional committee teepically hauds an internal selection, syne anly ane ceety per NOC can be presentit tae the Internaitional Olympic Committee for consideration. Ance the deadline for submission o proposals bi the NOCs is reakit, the first phase (Application) begins wi the applicant ceeties asked tae complete a questionnaire regardin several key criteria relatit tae the organisation o the Olympic Gemmes.^[4] In this form, the applicants maun gie assurances that thay will comply wi the Olympic Charter an wi ony ither regulations established bi the IOC Executive Committee.^[3] The evaluation o the filled questionnaires bi a specialised group provides the IOC wi an owerview o each applicant's project an thair potential tae host the Gemmes. On the basis o this technical evaluation, the IOC Executive Buird selects the applicants that will proceed tae the candidature stage.^[4]

Ance the candidate ceeties are selectit, thay maun submit tae the IOC a bigger an mair detailed presentation o thair project as pairt o a candidature file. Ilka ceety is thoroughly analyzed bi an evaluation commission. This commission will veesit the candidate ceeties an aw, interviewin local offeecials an inspecting prospective venue steids, an submit a report on its findins ane month prior tae the IOC's final decision. Durin the interview process the candidate ceety maun an aa guarantee that it will be able tae fund the Gemmes.^[3] Efter the wirk o the evaluation commission, a leet o candidates is presentit tae the General Session o the IOC, whilk maun assemble in a kintra that disnae hae a candidate ceety in the runnin. The IOC memmers gathered in the Session hae the final vote on the host ceety. Ance electit, the host ceety bid committee (thegither wi the NOC o the respective kintra) signs a Host Ceety Contract wi the IOC, offeecially becomin an Olympic host naition an host ceety.^[3]

Bi 2016, the Olympic Gemmes will hae been hostit bi 44 ceeties in 23 kintras, but bi ceeties ootside Europe an North Americae on anly aicht occasions. Syne the 1988 Simmer Olympics in Seoul, Sooth Korea, the Olympics hae been held in Asie or Oceania fower times, a sharp increase compared tae the previous 92 year o modren Olympic history. The 2016 Gemmes in Rio de Janeiro will be the first Olympics for a Sooth American kintra. No bids frae kintras in Africae hae succeeded.

The Unitit States haes hostit aicht Olympic Gemmes, fower Simmer an fower Winter, mair nor ony ether naition. The Breetish caipital Lunnon haulds the distinction o hostin three Olympic Gemmes, aw Simmer, mair nor ony ether ceety.

The ether naitions hostin the Simmer Games twice are Germany, Australie, Fraunce an Greece. The ether ceeties hostin the Simmer Gemmes twice are Los Angeles, Paris an Athens.

In addition tae the Unitit States, naitions hostin multiple Winter Gemmes are Fraunce wi three, while Swisserland, Austrick, Norawa, Japan, Canadae an Italy hae hostit twice. Amang host ceeties, Lake Placid, Innsbruck an St. Moritz hae played host tae the Winter Olympic Gemmes mair nor ance, ilkane hauldin that honour twice. The 2010 Winter Gemmes war held in Vancouver, Canadae's third Olympics oweraw, an 2014 teuk place in Sochi, Roushie. The next Winter Gemmes will be in Pyeongchang in 2018, Sooth Korea's first Winter Olympics an seicont Olympics oweraw.

**Olympic Gemmes host ceeties**^[5]
Year	Simmer Olympic Gemmes		Winter Olympic Gemmes		Youth Olympic Gemmes
Year	Olympiad	Host ceety	No.	Host ceety	No.	Host Ceety
1896	I	Athens, Greece
1900	II	Paris, Fraunce
1904	III	St. Louis, United States^[a]
1906	Intercalated^[b]	Athens, Greece
1908	IV	Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick ^[c]
1912	V	Stockholm, Swaden
1916	VI	Berlin, Germany → Cancelled acause o Warld War I
1920	VII	Antwerp, Belgium
1924	VIII	Paris, Fraunce	I	Chamonix, Fraunce
1928	IX	Amsterdam, Netherlands	II	St. Moritz, Swisserland
1932	X	Los Angeles, Unitit States	III	Lake Placid, Unitit States
1936	XI	Berlin, Germany	IV	Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
1940	XII	Tokyo, Japan → Helsinki, Finland → Cancelled acause o Warld War II	V	Sapporo, Japan → St. Moritz, Switzerland → Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany → Cancelled acause o Warld War II
1944	XIII	Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick → Cancelled acause o Warld War II	V	Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy → Cancelled acause o Warld War II
1948	XIV	Lunnon Unitit Kinrick	V	St. Moritz, Swisserland
1952	XV	Helsinki, Finland	VI	Oslo, Norawa
1956	XVI	Melbourne, Australie + Stockholm, Swaden^[d]^[6]	VII	Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
1960	XVII	Rome, Italy	VIII	Squaw Valley, Unitit States
1964	XVIII	Tokyo, Japan	IX	Innsbruck, Austrick
1968	XIX	Mexico Ceety, Mexico	X	Grenoble, France
1972	XX	Munich, West Germany	XI	Sapporo, Japan
1976	XXI	Montreal, Canadae	XII	Denver, Unitit States → Innsbruck, Austrick
1980	XXII	Moscow, Soviet Union	XIII	Lake Placid, Unitit States
1984	XXIII	Los Angeles, Unitit States	XIV	Sarajevo, Yugoslavie
1988	XXIV	Seoul, Sooth Korea	XV	Calgary, Canadae
1992	XXV	Barcelona, Spain	XVI	Albertville, Fraunce
1994			XVII	Lillehammer, Norawa
1996	XXVI	Atlanta, Unitit States
1998			XVIII	Nagano, Japan
2000	XXVII	Sydney, Australie
2002			XIX	Salt Lake Ceety, Unitit States
2004	XXVIII	Athens, Greece
2006			XX	Turin, Italy
2008	XXIX	Beijing, Cheenae^[e]^[7]
2010			XXI	Vancouver, Canadae	I (Simmer)	Singapore
2012	XXX	Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick			I (Winter)	Innsbruck, Austrick
2014			XXII	Sochi, Roushie	II (Simmer)	Nanjing, Cheenae
2016	XXXI	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil			II (Winter)	Lillehammer, Norawa
2018			XXIII	Pyeongchang, Sooth Korea	III (Simmer)	Tae be determined
2020	XXXII	Tokyo, Japan			III (Winter)	Tae be determined
2022			XXIV	Beijing, Cheenae	IV (Simmer)	Tae be determined
2024	XXXIII	Paris, Fraunce			IV (Winter)	Tae be determined