Isaac Newton
Isaac Newton (25 Desemba 1642 – 20 Machi 1727) alikuwa mwanahisabati, mwanafizikia na mwanateolojia kutoka nchi ya Uingereza.
Anakumbukwa duniani kote kutokana na michango yake mbalimbali katika sayansi.
Ndiye aliyegundua tawi la kalkulasi (sambamba na Leibniz), kanuni za mwendo na ya uvutano.
Mchango mwingine wa Isaac Newton upo katika nadharia ya nuru, akitumia mche kuonyesha jinsi rangi zinazounda nuru (kama zinavyoonekana kwenye upinde wa mvua) zinavyotokea.
Alichangia pia elimuanga kwa kuboresha darubiniakisi iliyoleta matokeo mazuri. Alitambua ya kwamba kanuni za uvutano zinatawala pia mwendo wa sayari. Alitunga ramani ya nyota kufuatana na tafiti za Flamsteed.
Elimu na imani
Newton alipata shahada yake ya kwanza mwaka 1665 na ile ya uzamili mwaka 1668.
Kwa kuwa alizaliwa katika familia ya Kianglikana, alitumia muda mwingi kufanya utafiti wa Biblia na theolojia pia. Alilenga kupatanisha elimu ya sayansi na imani yake. Aliandika "Uvutano unaeleza miendo ya sayari lakini haiwezi kueleza ni nani aliyeanzisha miendo yake. Mungu anatawala mambo yote na yaliyopo na yanayoweza kuwepo".
Tarehe 10 Desemba 1682 alimuandikia Richard Bentley: "Siamini ulimwengu unaweza kuelezwa na sababu za maumbile tu, bali nalazimika kuuona kama tunda la hekima na ubunifu vya mmoja mwenye akili". Hata hivyo, yeye binafsi hakukubali mafundisho juu ya Utatu wa Mungu.
Maandishi yake
- Newton's works – full texts, at the Newton Project
- The Newton Manuscripts at the National Library of Israel – the collection of all his religious writings
- Works by Isaac Newton katika Project Gutenberg
- Descartes, Space, and Body and A New Theory of Light and Colour, modernised readable versions by Jonathan Bennett
- Opticks, or a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light, full text on archive.org
- "Newton Papers" – Cambridge Digital Library
- (1686) "A letter of Mr. Isaac Newton... containing his new theory about light and colors" Archived 9 Oktoba 2020 at the Wayback Machine., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Vol. XVI, No. 179, pp. 3057–3087. – digital facsimile at the Linda Hall Library
- (1704) Opticks Archived 16 Oktoba 2020 at the Wayback Machine. – digital facsimile at the Linda Hall Library
- (1719) Optice Archived 8 Septemba 2020 at the Wayback Machine. – digital facsimile at the Linda Hall Library
- (1729) Lectiones opticae Archived 27 Oktoba 2020 at the Wayback Machine. – digital facsimile at the Linda Hall Library
- (1749) Optices libri tres Archived 16 Septemba 2020 at the Wayback Machine. – digital facsimile at the Linda Hall Library
Marejeo
Marejeo mengine
Dini
Viungo vya nje
Angalia mengine kuhusu Isaac Newton kwenye miradi mingine ya Wikimedia: | |
picha na media kutoka Commons | |
misaada ya kujisomea kwa Kiingereza kutoka Wikiversity | |
nukuu kutoka Wikiquote | |
matini za ushuhuda na vyanzo kutoka Wikisource | |
vitabu kutoka Wikibooks |
- ScienceWorld biography by Eric Weisstein
- Dictionary of Scientific Biography
- "The Newton Project"
- Science in the Making Isaac Newton's papers in the Royal Society's archives
- "The Newton Project – Canada"
- "Newton's Dark Secrets" – NOVA TV programme
- from The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy:
- "Isaac Newton", by George Smith
- "Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica", by George Smith
- "Newton's Philosophy", by Andrew Janiak
- "Newton's views on space, time, and motion", by Robert Rynasiewicz
- "Newton's Castle" – educational material
- "The Chymistry of Isaac Newton", research on his alchemical writings
- The "General Scholium" to Newton's Principia
- Kandaswamy, Anand M. "The Newton/Leibniz Conflict in Context"
- Newton's First ODE Archived 5 Julai 2007 at the Wayback Machine. – A study by on how Newton approximated the solutions of a first-order ODE using infinite series
- "The Mind of Isaac Newton" – images, audio, animations and interactive segments
- Enlightening Science Videos on Newton's biography, optics, physics, reception, and on his views on science and religion
- Newton biography (University of St Andrews)
- The Linda Hall Library has digitized Two copies of John Marsham's (1676) Canon Chronicus Aegyptiacus Archived 20 Septemba 2020 at the Wayback Machine., one of which was owned by Isaac Newton Archived 13 Oktoba 2020 at the Wayback Machine., who marked salient passages by dog-earing the pages so that the corners acted as arrows. The books can be compared side-by-side to show what interested Newton.
Makala hii kuhusu mwanasayansi fulani bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Isaac Newton kama wasifu wake, habari za maisha au kazi yake? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari. |