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Upimaji dunia

Upimaji dunia au Jiodesia (kutoka Kigiriki: γεωδαισία, geodaisia, yaani mgawanyo wa dunia; pia: Jiodisi kupitia Kiingereza "Geodesy") ni sayansi ya dunia inayohusika na upimaji na uelewaji wa umbo lake, mwelekeo wake angani, na uvutano wake.

Nguzo ya kituo cha jiodesia (1855) huko Ostend, Ubelgiji.

Utafiti wake unaenea katika mabadiliko ya tabia hizo za dunia na katika zile za sayari nyingine.

Wanajiodesia maarufu

Kabla ya mwaka 1900

  • Pythagoras 580–490 KK, Ugiriki wa Kale[1]
  • Eratosthenes 276–194 KK, Ugiriki wa Kale
  • Hipparchus 190–120 hivi KK, Ugiriki wa Kale
  • Posidonius 135–51 hivi KK, Ugiriki wa Kale
  • Claudius Ptolemy 83–168 hivi, Dola la Roma (Misri)
  • Al-Ma'mun 786–833, Baghdad (Iraq/Mesopotamia)
  • Abu Rayhan Biruni 973–1048, Khorasan (Iran/Samanid Dynasty)
  • Muhammad al-Idrisi 1100–1166, (Arabia na Sicily)
  • Regiomontanus 1436–1476, (Ujerumani/Austria)
  • Abel Foullon 1513–1563 au 1565, (Ufaransa)
  • Pedro Nunes 1502–1578 (Ureno)
  • Gerhard Mercator 1512–1594 (Ubelgiji na Ujerumani)
  • Snellius (Willebrord Snel van Royen) 1580–1626, Leiden (Uholanzi)
  • Christiaan Huygens 1629–1695 (Uholanzi)
  • Pierre Bouguer 1698–1758, (Ufaransa na Peru)
  • Pierre de Maupertuis 1698–1759 (Ufaransa)
  • Alexis Clairaut 1713–1765 (Ufaransa)
  • Johann Heinrich Lambert 1728–1777 (Ufaransa)
  • Roger Joseph Boscovich 1711–1787, (Roma/ Berlin/ Paris)
  • Ino Tadataka 1745–1818, (Tokyo)
  • Georg von Reichenbach 1771–1826, Bavaria (Ujerumani)
  • Pierre-Simon Laplace 1749–1827, Paris (Ufaransa)
  • Adrien Marie Legendre 1752–1833, Paris (Ufaransa)
  • Johann Georg von Soldner 1776–1833, Munich (Bavaria, Ujerumani)
  • George Everest 1790–1866 (Uingereza na India)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel 1784–1846, Königsberg (Ujerumani)
  • Heinrich Christian Schumacher 1780–1850 (Ujerumani na Estonia)
  • Carl Friedrich Gauss 1777–1855, Göttingen (Ujerumani)
  • Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve 1793–1864, Dorpat and Pulkovo (Dola la Urusi)
  • J. H. Pratt 1809–1871, London (Uingereza)
  • Friedrich H. C. Paschen 1804–1873, Schwerin (Ujerumani)
  • Johann Benedikt Listing 1808–1882 (Ujerumani)
  • Johann Jacob Baeyer 1794–1885, Berlin (Ujerumani)
  • Sir George Biddell Airy 1801–1892, Cambridge na London
  • Karl Maximilian von Bauernfeind 1818–1894, Munich (Ujerumani)
  • Wilhelm Jordan 1842–1899, (Ujerumani)
  • Hervé Faye 1814–1902 (Ufaransa)
  • George Gabriel Stokes 1819–1903 (Uingereza)
  • Carlos Ibáñez e Ibáñez de Ibero 1825–1891, Barcelona (Hispania)
  • Henri Poincaré 1854–1912, Paris (Ufaransa)
  • Alexander Ross Clarke 1828–1914, London (Uingereza)
  • Charles Sanders Peirce 1839–1914 (Marekani)
  • Friedrich Robert Helmert 1843–1917, Potsdam (Ujerumani)
  • Heinrich Bruns 1848–1919, Berlin (Ujerumani)
  • Loránd Eötvös 1848–1919 (Hungaria)

Karne ya 20

  • John Fillmore Hayford, 1868–1925, (Marekani)
  • Feodosy Nikolaevich Krasovsky, 1878–1948, (Dola la Urusi)
  • Alfred Wegener, 1880–1930, (Ujerumani na Greenland)
  • William Bowie, 1872–1940, (Marekani)
  • Friedrich Hopfner, 1881–1949, Vienna, (Austria)
  • Tadeusz Banachiewicz, 1882–1954, (Polandi)
  • Felix Andries Vening-Meinesz, 1887–1966, (Uholanzi)
  • Martin Hotine, 1898–1968, (Uingereza)
  • Yrjö Väisälä, 1889–1971, (Ufini)
  • Veikko Aleksanteri Heiskanen, 1895–1971, (Ufini na Marekani)
  • Karl Ramsayer, 1911–1982, Stuttgart, (Ujerumani)
  • Buckminster Fuller, 1895–1983 (Marekani)
  • Harold Jeffreys, 1891–1989, London, (Uingereza)
  • Reino Antero Hirvonen, 1908–1989, (Ufini)
  • Mikhail Sergeevich Molodenskii, 1909–1991, (Urusi)
  • Maria Ivanovna Yurkina, 1923-2010, (Urusi)
  • Guy Bomford, 1899-1996, (India?)[2]
  • Antonio Marussi, 1908-1984, (Italia)
  • Hellmut Schmid, 1914–1998, (Uswisi)
  • William M. Kaula, 1926–2000, Los Angeles, (Marekani)
  • John A. O'Keefe, 1916–2000, (Marekani)
  • Thaddeus Vincenty, 1920–2002, (Polandi)
  • Willem Baarda, 1917–2005, (Uholanzi)
  • Irene Kaminka Fischer, 1907–2009, (Marekani)
  • Arne Bjerhammar, 1917–2011, (Uswidi)
  • Karl-Rudolf Koch 1935, Bonn, (Ujerumani)
  • Helmut Moritz, 1933, Graz, (Austria)
  • Petr Vaníček, 1935, Fredericton, (Kanada)
  • Erik Grafarend, 1939, Stuttgart, (Ujerumani)
  • Hans-Georg Wenzel (1949-1999), (Ujerumani)

Tanbihi

Marejeo

  • F. R. Helmert, Mathematical and Physical Theories of Higher Geodesy, Part 1, ACIC (St. Louis, 1964). This is an English translation of Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie, Vol 1 (Teubner, Leipzig, 1880).
  • F. R. Helmert, Mathematical and Physical Theories of Higher Geodesy, Part 2, ACIC (St. Louis, 1964). This is an English translation of Die mathematischen und physikalischen Theorieen der höheren Geodäsie, Vol 2 (Teubner, Leipzig, 1884).
  • B. Hofmann-Wellenhof and H. Moritz, Physical Geodesy, Springer-Verlag Wien, 2005. (This text is an updated edition of the 1967 classic by W.A. Heiskanen and H. Moritz).
  • W. Kaula, Theory of Satellite Geodesy : Applications of Satellites to Geodesy, Dover Publications, 2000. (This text is a reprint of the 1966 classic).
  • Vaníček P. and E.J. Krakiwsky, Geodesy: the Concepts, pp. 714, Elsevier, 1986.
  • Torge, W (2001), Geodesy (3rd edition), published by de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-017072-8.
  • Thomas H. Meyer, Daniel R. Roman, and David B. Zilkoski. "What does height really mean?" (This is a series of four articles published in Surveying and Land Information Science, SaLIS.)

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