Babban rashin damuwa
Babban rashin damuwa (MDD), wanda kuma aka sani kawai da bakin ciki, cuta ce ta tabin hankali wacce ke bayyana aƙalla makonni biyu na ƙarancin yanayi wanda ke samuwa a yawancin yanayi.[1] Sau da yawa yana tare da ƙananan girman kai, asarar sha'awa a cikin ayyukan jin dadi na yau da kullum, ƙananan makamashi, da zafi ba tare da dalili ba.[1] Waɗanda abin ya shafa na iya zama wani lokaci suna da imanin ƙarya ko gani ko ji abubuwan da wasu ba za su iya ba.[1] Wasu mutane suna da lokutan baƙin ciki da suka rabu da shekaru waɗanda suke al'ada, yayin da wasu kusan koyaushe suna da alamun bayyanar.[2] Babban rashin damuwa na iya yin mummunan tasiri ga rayuwar mutum, rayuwar aiki, ko ilimi da kuma barci, yanayin cin abinci, da lafiyar gabaɗayansa.[1][2] Kimanin kashi 2-8% na manya da ke da babban bakin ciki suna mutuwa ta hanyar kashe kansu,[3][4] kuma kusan kashi 50% na mutanen da suka mutu ta hanyar kashe kansu suna da bakin ciki ko kuma wani yanayi na yanayi.[5]
| Babban rashin damuwa | |
|---|---|
 | |
Description (en)  | |
| Iri | depressive disorder (en) , mental depression (en) , cuta mental health (en) |
| Specialty (en) | psychiatry (en) |
| Sanadi | Genetics Yanayi na muhalli |
| Symptoms and signs (en) | depressive syndrome (en) , dysphoria (en) , Rashin karfi, executive disfunction (en) , mental depression (en) , eating disorder (en) sleep disorder (en) |
| Genetic association (en) | CACNA1C (en) , CCBE1 (en) , MYO10 (en) , ITGA11 (en) , ENOX1 (en) , KCNH5 (en) , ESRRG (en) , TRPS1 (en) , PCLO (en) , SHC4 (en) , FAT4 (en) , SYNE1 (en) , ANK3 (en) , SP4 (en) , GRM7 (en) da DRD2 (en) |
| Medical treatment (en) | |
| Magani | selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (en) , antipsychotics (en) , mood stabilizer (en) , serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (en) , Bupropion (en) , 5-HTP (en) , agomelatine (en) , amoxapine (en) , levomilnacipran (en) , vilazodone hydrochloride (en) , maprotiline (en) , (S)-duloxetine (en) , levosulpiride (en) , ketamine, antidepressant (en) da Wake therapy (en) |
| Identifier (en) | |
| ICD-10-CM | F33, F32, F32.9 da F33.9 |
| ICD-9-CM | 296.30, 296.20, 296.2 da 296.3 |
| OMIM | 608520 da 608691 |
| DiseasesDB | 3589 |
| MedlinePlus | 003213 |
| eMedicine | 003213 |
| MeSH | D003865 |
| Disease Ontology ID | DOID:1470 |
An yi imani da dalilin haɗuwa da kwayoyin halitta, muhalli, da abubuwan tunani.[1] Abubuwan haɗari sun haɗa da tarihin iyali na yanayin, manyan canje-canjen rayuwa, wasu magunguna, matsalolin lafiya na yau da kullum, da shaye-shaye.[1][2] Kimanin kashi 40% na haɗarin ya bayyana yana da alaƙa da kwayoyin halitta.[2] Gano gano babban rashin damuwa ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da mutum ya ruwaito da kuma gwajin halin tunani.[6] Babu gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje don cutar.[2] Ana iya yin gwaji, duk da haka, don yin watsi da yanayin jiki wanda zai iya haifar da irin wannan alamun.[7] Babban baƙin ciki ya fi tsanani kuma yana daɗe fiye da baƙin ciki, wanda shine al'ada na rayuwa.[2] Tun daga shekara ta 2016, Amurka hana ayyukan hana daukar nauyin aikin (USPSF) ya ba da shawarar alwashin Damuwa a cikin masu shekaru 12,[8][9] yayin da ake binciken Coachrane 2005 da ke amfani da tambayoyin allon nuni da sakamako na ganowa ko magani.[10]
Wadanda ke da babbar matsalar damuwa yawanci ana bi da su tare da shawarwari da magungunan rage damuwa.[1] Magani yana bayyana yana da tasiri, amma tasirin zai iya zama mahimmanci kawai a cikin mafi tsananin baƙin ciki.[11][12] Babu tabbas ko magunguna suna shafar haɗarin kashe kansa.[13] Nau'o'in shawarwarin da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da farfaɗowar halayyar mutum (CBT) da kuma jiyya tsakanin mutum.[1][14] Idan wasu matakan ba su da tasiri, ana iya yin la'akari da magungunan electroconvulsive (ECT).[1] Asibiti na iya zama larura a lokuta masu haɗarin cutarwa ga kai kuma yana iya faruwa lokaci-lokaci sabanin yadda mutum yake so.[15]
Babban matsalar damuwa ta shafi kusan mutane miliyan 163 (2% na yawan mutanen duniya) a cikin 2017.[16] Yawan mutanen da abin ya shafa a lokaci guda a rayuwarsu ya bambanta daga 7% a Japan zuwa 21% a Faransa.[17] Yawan rayuwa ya fi girma a cikin ƙasashen da suka ci gaba (15%) idan aka kwatanta da ƙasashe masu tasowa (11%).[17] Rashin lafiyar yana haifar da shekaru na biyu-mafi yawan rayuwa tare da nakasa, bayan ƙananan ciwon baya.[18] Mafi yawan lokacin farawa shine a cikin 20s da 30s na mutum.[2][17] Mace suna shafar kusan sau biyu fiye da maza.[2][17] Ƙungiyar ƙwaƙwalwa ta Amurka ta ƙara "babban cuta mai zurfi" ga bincike da kuma jagorar ilimin lissafi na rashin tausayi DSM-I a cikin 1980.[19] Ya kasance rarrabuwa na neurosis na baya-bayan nan a cikin DSM-II, wanda kuma ya ƙunshi yanayin da aka sani da dysthymia da rashin daidaituwa tare da yanayin damuwa.[20] Wadanda abin ya shafa a halin yanzu ko a baya ana iya wulakanta su.[21]