Ugonjwa wa akili
Ugonjwa wa akili ni tabia ya kuwaza na kutenda namna ambayo ama inasababisha mateso ama walau haifai kukabili maisha halisi.[1] Namna hiyo inaweza kuwa ya kudumu, au kujitokeza mara moja tu au kwa kwikwi au kurudi tena baada ya kuonekana imekwisha.
Aina nyingi za ugonjwa wa akili zimefafanuliwa na kuorodheshwa, kila moja ikiwa na dalili zake za pekee.[2]
Sababu za ugonjwa mara nyingi hazieleweki. Nadharia zinaweza kutegemea utafiti wa aina tofautitofauti. Kwa kawaida ugonjwa wa akili unaelezwa kuchangiwa na jinsi mtu anavyohemka, anavyotenda, anavyowaza na anavyohisi watu, vitu na matukio.[2] Hiyo inaweza kuwa na chanzo katika sehemu fulani ya ubongo, na katika maisha ya kijamii. Fani inayochunguza maradhi hayo inaitwa saikopatolojia.
Huduma kwa wenye ugonjwa wa akili zinatolewa katika hospitali maalumu au katika jumuia chini ya madaktari wa akili, wanasaikolojia na wanasosholojia, wanaotumia mbinu mbalimbali, hasa kutazama na kuuliza maswali. Dawa zinatolewa kadiri ya maagizo ya madaktari hao.[2]
Tanbihi
Marejeo
- Atkinson, J. (2006) Private and Public Protection: Civil Mental Health Legislation, Edinburgh, Dunedin Academic Press ISBN 1-903765-61-7
- Hockenbury, Don and Sandy (2004). Discovering Psychology. Worth Publishers. ISBN 0-7167-5704-4.
- Fried, Yehuda and Joseph Agassi, (1976). Paranoia: A Study in Diagnosis. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 50. ISBN 90-277-0704-9.
- Fried, Yehuda and Joseph Agassi, (1983). Psychiatry as Medicine. The Hague, Nijhoff. ISBN 90-247-2837-1.
- Porter, Roy (2002). Madness: a brief history. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-280266-6.
- Weller M.P.I. and Eysenck M. The Scientific Basis of Psychiatry, W.B. Saunders, London, Philadelphia, Toronto etc. 1992
- Wiencke, Markus (2006) Schizophrenie als Ergebnis von Wechselwirkungen: Georg Simmels Individualitätskonzept in der Klinischen Psychologie. In David Kim (ed.), Georg Simmel in Translation: Interdisciplinary Border-Crossings in Culture and Modernity (pp. 123–155). Cambridge Scholars Press, Cambridge, ISBN 1-84718-060-4
Viungo vya nje
- NIMH.NIH.gov – National Institute of Mental Health
- International Committee of Women Leaders on Mental Health Archived 30 Oktoba 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
- Psychology Dictionary
- Mental Illness Watch
- Metapsychology Online Reviews: Mental Health Archived 15 Oktoba 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
- The New York Times: Mental Health & Disorders
- The Guardian: Mental Health
- Adverse Childhood Experiences: Risk Factors for Substance Misuse and Mental Health Archived 10 Januari 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Dr. Robert Anda of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control describes the relation between childhood adversity and mental health (video)
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