نوبل انعام برائے کیمیا وصول کنندگان دی لسٹ
ہر سال رائل سویڈش آکیڈمی آف سائنس، سویڈیش آکیڈمی، کارولینسکیا انسیٹیوٹ تے ناروینجین نوبل کمیٹی نوبل انعام حاصل کرنے والےآں دا اعلان کردی اے۔ ایہ انعام ایداں دے ادارےآں یا شخصیتاں نوں دتا جاندا اے جنھاں نے کیمیاء، طبعیات، ادب، امن، فعلیات یا طب دے میدان وچ نمایاں ترین کم انجام دتا ہوئے۔ الفریڈ نوبل دی وصیت دے مطابق ایہ انعام نوبل فاؤنڈیشن دے زیر انتظام اے۔ ہر نوبل انعام یافتہ نوں اک سونے دا تمغا، اک ڈپلومہ تے اک خاص رقم دی دتی جاندی اے۔ اس رقم دی قیمت ہر سال نوبل فاؤنڈیشن دی طرف توں طے کيتی جاندی اے۔
لسٹ
| سال | وصول کنندگان | ملک | وجہ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1901 |  | یاکوبس ہینریکوس وانت ہوف | نیدرلینڈز | "[for his] discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"[۱] |
| 1902 |  | ہرمن امیل فشر | جرمنی | "[for] his work on sugar and purine syntheses"[۲] |
| 1903 |  | سوانٹے اگسٹ آرہینیس | سویڈن | "[for] his electrolytic theory of dissociation"[۳] |
| 1904 |  | سر سر ولیم ریمسی | برطانیہ | "[for his] discovery of the نبیل فارغہ, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"[۴] |
| 1905 | .jpg) | اڈلف وون بئیر | جرمنی | "[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on نیل (رنگ) and hydroaromatic compounds"[۵] |
| 1906 |  | ہنری مویسن | فرانس | "[for his] investigation and isolation of the element فلورین, and for [the] electric furnace called after him"[۶] |
| 1907 | .jpg) | ایکوارڈ بچنر | جرمنی | "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"[۷] |
| 1908 | .jpg) | ایرنسٹ ردرفورڈ | برطانیہ New Zealand | "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"[۸] |
| 1909 |  | ولہلم اوسٹوالڈ | جرمنی | "[for] his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"[۹] |
| 1910 |  | اوٹون ولاچ | جرمنی | "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"[۱۰] |
| 1911 | .jpg) | میری کیوری | Poland/France | "[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"[۱۱] |
| 1912 | .jpg) | وکٹر گرگنارڈ | فرانس | "for the discovery of the […] Grignard reagent"[۱۲] |
 | پاول سباٹئیر | فرانس | "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals"[۱۲] | |
| 1913 |  | الفرڈ ورنر | سویٹزرلینڈ | "[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules […] especially in inorganic chemistry"[۱۳] |
| 1914 |  | تھیوڈر ولیم رچرڈ | امریکا | "[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"[۱۴] |
| 1915 |  | رچرڈ ولسٹیٹر | جرمنی | "for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"[۱۵] |
| 1916 | نئيں دتا گيا | |||
| 1917 | ||||
| 1918 |  | فرٹز ہیبر | جرمنی | "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"[۱۶] |
| 1919 | نئيں دتا گيا | |||
| 1920 |  | والتھر نرنسٹ | جرمنی | "[for] his work in thermochemistry"[۱۷] |
| 1921 |  | فریڈرک سوڈی | برطانیہ | "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"[۱۸] |
| 1922 |  | فرانسسولیم ایسٹون | برطانیہ | "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"[۱۹] |
| 1923 |  | فرٹز پریگل | آسٹریا | "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"[۲۰] |
| 1924 | نئيں دتا گيا | |||
| 1925 | فائل:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy.jpg | رچرڈ اڈولف زگمونڈی | جرمنی / ہنگری | "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used"[۲۱] |
| 1926 |  | The (Theodor) Svedberg | سویڈن | "for his work on disperse systems"[۲۲] |
| 1927 |  | ہائنرش اٹو ویلینڈ | جرمنی | "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances"[۲۳] |
| 1928 |  | ایڈولف اٹو رائنہولڈ ونڈاؤس | جرمنی | "[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the حیاتینs"[۲۴] |
| 1929 |  | آرتھر ہارڈن | برطانیہ | "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"[۲۵] |
 | Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin | سویڈن | ||
| 1930 | .jpg) | ہانز فشر | جرمنی | "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"[۲۶] |
| 1931 |  | کارل بوش | جرمنی | "[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"[۲۷] |
 | فریڈرخ برجیاس | جرمنی | ||
| 1932 |  | ارونگ لینگمر | امریکا | "for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry"[۲۸] |
| 1933 | نئيں دتا گيا | |||
| 1934 |  | Harold Clayton Urey | امریکا | "for his discovery of ڈیوٹیریئم"[۲۹] |
| 1935 |  | Frédéric Joliot | فرانس | "[for] their synthesis of new radioactive elements"[۳۰] |
 | آئرین جولیٹ کیوری | فرانس | ||
| 1936 |  | Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye | نیدرلینڈز | "[for his work on] molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"[۳۱] |
| 1937 |  | Walter Norman Haworth | برطانیہ | "for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"[۳۲] |
 | پاول کرر | سویٹزرلینڈ | "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" | |
| 1938 |  | رچرڈ کوہن | جرمنی | "for his work on carotenoids and حیاتینs"[۳۳] |
| 1939 | Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt | جرمنی | "for his work on sex hormones"[۳۴] | |
 | لیپولڈروزکا | سویٹزرلینڈ | "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"[۳۴] | |
| 1940 | نئيں دتا گيا | |||
| 1941 | ||||
| 1942 | ||||
| 1943 |  | جارج دتی ہیوسی | جرمنی | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"[۳۵] |
| 1944 |  | اوٹو ہان | جرمنی | "for his discovery of the جوہری انشقاق of heavy nuclei"[۳۶] |
| 1945 |  | ارٹوری المری ورٹنن | فن لینڈ | "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"[۳۷] |
| 1946 |  | James Batcheller Sumner | امریکا | "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"[۳۸] |
 | جان ہورڈ نورتروپ | امریکا | "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"[۳۸] | |
 | ونڈل میریڈتھ سٹینلی | امریکا | ||
| 1947 |  | Sir Robert Robinson | برطانیہ | "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"[۳۹] |
| 1948 |  | Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius | سویڈن | "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"[۴۰] |
| 1949 | فائل:William Giauque Nobel.jpg | William Francis Giauque | امریکا | "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"[۴۱] |
| 1950 |  | Otto Paul Hermann Diels | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"[۴۲] |
 | کرٹ الڈر | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | ||
| 1951 |  | ایڈون مکملن | امریکا | "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"[۴۳] |
 | گلین ٹی سی بورگ | امریکا | ||
| 1952 |  | آرچر جوہن پورٹر مارٹن | برطانیہ | "for their invention of partition chromatography"[۴۴] |
 | رچرڈ لاورنس ملنگٹن سنجی | برطانیہ | ||
| 1953 |  | ہرمن سٹاوڈنگر | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"[۴۵] |
| 1954 |  | لینس پالنگ | امریکا | "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"[۴۶] |
| 1955 | ونسنٹ ڈیو وگنیوڈ | امریکا | "for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"[۴۷] | |
| 1956 |  | سر سیریل نورمن ہنشلوڈ | برطانیہ | "for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"[۴۸] |
 | نکولے سیمینو | سوویت اتحاد | ||
| 1957 |  | Lord (Alexander R.) Todd | برطانیہ | "for his work on مرثالثہs and nucleotide co-enzymes"[۴۹] |
| 1958 |  | فریڈرک سنگر | برطانیہ | "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"[۵۰] |
| 1959 |  | جاروسلیو ہیروسکی | Czechoslovakia | "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"[۵۱] |
| 1960 | فائل:Willard Libby.jpg | Willard Frank Libby | امریکا | "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"[۵۲] |
| 1961 |  | ملون کیلون | امریکا | "for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants "[۵۳] |
| 1962 |  | میکس پیروٹز | برطانیہ | "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"[۵۴] |
 | جان کینڈریو | برطانیہ | ||
| 1963 |  | کارل زیگلر | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"[۵۵] |
 | گیلیو ناٹا | اطالیہ | ||
| 1964 | فائل:Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpg | ڈوروتھی ہودگکنگ | برطانیہ | "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"[۵۶] |
| 1965 | فائل:Robert Woodward Nobel.jpg | رابرٹ برن ودورڈ | امریکا | "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"[۵۷] |
| 1966 |  | Robert S. Mulliken | امریکا | "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"[۵۸] |
| 1967 |  | مینفرڈ ایگن | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"[۵۹] |
 | رونالڈ جارج ورے فورڈ نورش | برطانیہ | ||
 | جارج پورٹر | برطانیہ | ||
| 1968 |  | لارز اونسگر | امریکا | "for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"[۶۰] |
| 1969 | ڈیریک بارٹون | برطانیہ | "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"[۶۱] | |
 | اوڈ ہسل | ناروے | ||
| 1970 |  | گرہارڈہرز برگ | ارجنٹائن | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"[۶۲] |
| 1971 |  | لویس ٖفیڈریکو لیلوئر | کینیڈا/جرمنی | "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"[۶۳] |
| 1972 |  | کرسچن بی اینفنسن | امریکا | "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"[۶۴] |
| فائل:Stanford Moore.jpg | سٹینفورڈ موری | امریکا | "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"[۶۴] | |
| فائل:William Howard Stein.jpg | William H. Stein | امریکا | ||
| 1973 | ارنست اوٹو فسچر | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"[۶۵] | |
.jpg) | جیوفرے ولنکسن | برطانیہ | ||
| 1974 | Paul J. Flory | امریکا | "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules"[۶۶] | |
| 1975 | جان کونفورتھ | آسٹریلیا برطانیہ | "for his work on the تجسیمی کیمیا of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"[۶۷] | |
 | ولادمیر پریلوک | Yugoslavia/Switzerland | "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"[۶۷] | |
| 1976 |  | William N. Lipscomb | امریکا | "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"[۶۸] |
| 1977 | فائل:Ilya Prigogine.jpg | الیا پرگوگین | Belgium | "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"[۶۹] |
| 1978 | فائل:Peter Dennis Mitchell.jpg | پیٹر ڈی میشل | برطانیہ | "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"[۷۰] |
| 1979 | ہربرٹ سی براون | امریکا | "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"[۷۱] | |
| فائل:Georg Wittig.jpg | جارج وگ | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | ||
| 1980 |  | پاول برگ | امریکا | "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"[۷۲] |
 | والٹر گلبرٹ | امریکا | "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"[۷۲] | |
| | فریڈرک سنگر | برطانیہ | ||
| 1981 | کنیچی فوکوئی | جاپان | "for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"[۷۳] | |
 | روالڈ ہوف مین | امریکا | ||
| 1982 |  | ارون کلگ | برطانیہ | "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"[۷۴] |
| 1983 | ہنری ٹاوبی | امریکا | "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"[۷۵] | |
| 1984 | فائل:Robert Bruce Merrifield.jpg | رابرٹ بروس میریفیلڈ | امریکا | "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"[۷۶] |
| 1985 |  | ہربرٹ اے ہاوپٹمین | امریکا | "for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"[۷۷] |
 | جیروم کارلی | امریکا | ||
| 1986 |  | ڈیوڈلی آر ہرچبچ | امریکا | "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"[۷۸] |
| یوآن ٹی لی | امریکا / جمہوریۂ چین | |||
| John C. Polanyi | کینیڈا / ہنگری | |||
| 1987 | ڈونالڈ جے کرام | امریکا | "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"[۷۹] | |
 | Jean-Marie Lehn | فرانس | ||
| چارلس جے پیڈرسن | امریکا | |||
| 1988 | جوہن ڈیزنہوفر | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"[۸۰] | |
 | رابرٹ ہوبر | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | ||
| ہرمٹ مشل | وفاقی جمہوریہ جرمنی | |||
| 1989 |  | سڈنی آلٹ مین | کینیڈا امریکا | "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"[۸۱] |
 | تھومس چیک | امریکا | ||
| 1990 |  | الیاس جیمز کورے | امریکا | "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"[۸۲] |
| 1991 |  | رچرڈ آر ارنسٹ | سویٹزرلینڈ | "for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"[۸۳] |
| 1992 |  | روڈلف اے مارکس | امریکا/کینیڈا | "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"[۸۴] |
| 1993 |  | Kary B. Mullis | امریکا | "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry […] for his invention of the پولیمرز زنجیری تعامل (PCR) method"[۸۵] |
| Michael Smith | کینیڈا | "for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry […] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"[۸۵] | ||
| 1994 |  | George A. Olah | امریکا / ہنگری | "for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"[۸۶] |
| 1995 |  | پاول جے. کوٹزن | نیدرلینڈز | "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"[۸۷] |
 | ماریو جے. مولینا | میکسیکو | ||
 | F. Sherwood Rowland | امریکا | ||
| 1996 |  | Robert F. Curl Jr. | امریکا | "for their discovery of fullerenes"[۸۸] |
 | Sir Harold W. Kroto | برطانیہ | ||
| Richard E. Smalley | امریکا | |||
| 1997 | پاول ڈی. بویر | امریکا | "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"[۸۹] | |
| جان ای واکر | برطانیہ | |||
 | Jens C. Skou | ڈنمارک | "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase"[۸۹] | |
| 1998 |  | والٹر کوہن | امریکا | "for his development of the density-functional theory"[۹۰] |
| John A. Pople | برطانیہ | "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"[۹۰] | ||
| 1999 |  | احمد زیول | مصر | "for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"[۹۱] |
| 2000 | الان جے ہیگر | امریکا | "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"[۹۲] | |
 | Alan G. MacDiarmid | امریکا نیوزی لینڈ | ||
| ہیڈکیشراکوا | جاپان | |||
| 2001 | William S. Knowles | امریکا | "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"[۹۳] | |
 | ریوجی نیوری | جاپان | ||
| K. Barry Sharpless | امریکا | "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"[۹۳] | ||
| 2002 |  | John B. Fenn | امریکا | "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules […] for their development of soft desorption برقی پھوار تائین for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"[۹۴] |
| کوئیچی ٹناکا | جاپان | |||
 | کرٹ وتھرچ | سویٹزرلینڈ | "for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules […] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"[۹۴] | |
| 2003 |  | پیٹر اگری | امریکا | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes […] for the discovery of water channels"[۹۵] |
 | روڈرک مککینون | امریکا | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes […] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"[۹۵] | |
| 2004 |  | ارون چیکونور | Israel | "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"[۹۶] |
 | اورامہ | Israel | ||
 | ارون روس | امریکا | ||
| 2005 | ایو شوواں | فرانس | "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"[۹۷] | |
 | رابرٹ ایچ. گربس | امریکا | ||
 | رچرڈ آر. شروک | امریکا | ||
| 2006 |  | راجر ڈی کورنبرگ | امریکا | "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"[۹۸] |
| 2007 |  | گر ہارڈ ارٹل | جرمنی | "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"[۹۹] |
| 2008 |  | اوسامو شمومورا | جاپان[۱۰۰] | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"[۱۰۱] |
 | مارٹن کالفی | امریکا | ||
 | راجر ٹسین | امریکا | ||
| 2009 |  | وینکٹ رامن رامکرشنن | United States India United Kingdom | "for studies of the structure and function of the رائبوسوم"[۱۰۲] |
 | تھامس اے. سٹیٹز | امریکا | ||
 | Ada E. Yonath | Israel | ||
| 2010 |  | رچرڈ ایف ہیک | امریکا | "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"[۱۰۳] |
 | ای ایچی نگیشی | جاپان | ||
 | Akira Suzuki | جاپان | ||
| 2011 |  | ڈان سیکٹ مین | Israel | "for the discovery of quasicrystals"[۱۰۴] |
| 2012 |  | رابرٹ لیفکووٹز | امریکا | "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"[۱۰۵] |
.jpg) | برائن کوبلکا | امریکا | ||
| 2013 |  | مارٹن کارپلس | امریکا آسٹریا | "for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"[۱۰۶] |
 | مائیکل لیوٹ | امریکا برطانیہ اسرائیل[۱۰۷] | ||
 | اریا وارشل | امریکا اسرائیل | ||
| 2014 | ایریک بیٹزگ | امریکا | "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"[۱۰۸] | |
 | سٹیفین ہیل | رومانیا | ||
 | ولیم ای مورنر | امریکا | ||
| 2015 |  | ٹامس لینڈل |  سویڈن برطانیہ | "for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"[۱۰۹] |
 | پال ایل موڈرچ |  امریکہ | ||
 | عزیز سنجر |  ترکی امریکہ | ||