Тĕнчери фонетика алфавичĕ

Тĕнчери; фонетика алфавичĕ
	Истори
	Стандартлă мар символсем
	ТФА сарăмĕсем
	Ят панă килĕшӳ (en)
	ТФА акăлч. чĕл.
	ТФА вырăс чĕл.

Тĕнчери фонетика алфавичĕ
Тĕс	Алфавит
Чĕлхесем	Кирек епле чĕлхен фонетика транскрипцийĕ валли хăварнă
Тапхăр	1888 — хальхи вăхăтчен
Тăванлăх	Латин алфавичĕ; → Фонотипика алфавичĕ; → Тĕнчери фонетика алфавичĕ
	Асăрхав: çак страницăра ТФА Unicode фонетика символĕсем пур.

Тĕнчери фонетика алфавичĕ (фр. Alphabet Phonétique International, API; акăл. International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA) — сасăсене палăртмалли система. Пĕтĕм тĕнчери чĕлхе тĕпчевçисем йĕркеленĕ алфавичĕ тĕнчери кирек епле чĕлхери кашни сасăна çырма май пулать.

«IPA» ыйтни кунта куçать; çавăн пекех урăх пĕлтерĕшсене пăхăр.

«ТФА» ыйтни кунта куçать; çавăн пекех урăх пĕлтерĕшсене пăхăр.

Ан пăтраштарăр ИКАО фнетика алфавичĕпе.

Хупă сасăсем


Артикуляци вырăнĕ →	тутăлă		Coronal				Dorsal				Radical				(none)
Manner of articulation ↓	Bilabial	Labio‐ dental	Шăллă	Alveolar	Post‐ alveolar	Retro‐ flex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular		Pharyn‐ geal		Epi‐ glottal		Glottal
Nasal	[[bilabial nasal\|m]]	[[labiodental nasal\|ɱ]]	[[alveolar nasal\|n]]			[[retroflex nasal\|ɳ]]	[[palatal nasal\|ɲ]]	[[velar nasal\|ŋ]]	[[uvular nasal\|ɴ]]
Plosive	[[voiceless bilabial plosive\|p]] [[voiced bilabial plosive\|b]]	* *	[[voiceless alveolar plosive\|t]] [[voiced alveolar plosive\|d]]			[[voiceless retroflex plosive\|ʈ]] [[voiced retroflex plosive\|ɖ]]	[[voiceless palatal plosive\|c]] [[voiced palatal plosive\|ɟ]]	[[voiceless velar plosive\|k]] [[voiced velar plosive\|ɡ]]	[[voiceless uvular plosive\|q]] [[voiced uvular plosive\|ɢ]]				[[epiglottal plosive\|ʡ]]		[[glottal stop\|ʔ]]
Fricative	[[voiceless bilabial fricative\|ɸ]] [[voiced bilabial fricative\|β]]	[[voiceless labiodental fricative\|f]] [[voiced labiodental fricative\|v]]	[[voiceless dental fricative\|θ]] [[voiced dental fricative\|ð]]	[[voiceless alveolar fricative\|s]] [[voiced alveolar fricative\|z]]	[[voiceless postalveolar fricative\|ʃ]] [[voiced postalveolar fricative\|ʒ]]	[[voiceless retroflex fricative\|ʂ]] [[voiced retroflex fricative\|ʐ]]	[[voiceless palatal fricative\|ç]] [[voiced palatal fricative\|ʝ]]	[[voiceless velar fricative\|x]] [[voiced velar fricative\|ɣ]]	[[voiceless uvular fricative\|χ]]	[[voiced uvular fricative\|ʁ]]	[[voiceless pharyngeal fricative\|ħ]]	[[voiced pharyngeal fricative\|ʕ]]	[[voiceless epiglottal fricative\|ʜ]]	[[voiced epiglottal fricative\|ʢ]]	[[voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] [[voiced glottal fricative\|ɦ]]
Approximant	[[bilabial approximant\|β̞]]	[[labiodental approximant\|ʋ]]	[[alveolar approximant\|ɹ]]			[[retroflex approximant\|ɻ]]	[[palatal approximant\|j]]	[[velar approximant\|ɰ]]		[[voiced uvular fricative\|ʁ]]		[[voiced pharyngeal fricative\|ʕ]]		[[voiced epiglottal fricative\|ʢ]]
Trill	[[bilabial trill\|ʙ]]		[[alveolar trill\|r]]			[[retroflex trill\|*]]			[[uvular trill\|ʀ]]				*
Tap or Flap	[[bilabial flap\|ѵ̟]]^†	[[labiodental flap\|ѵ]]^†	[[alveolar tap\|ɾ]]			[[retroflex flap\|ɽ]]							*
Lateral Fricative			[[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative\|ɬ]] [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative\|ɮ]]			*	*	*
Lateral Approximant			[[alveolar lateral approximant\|l]]			[[retroflex lateral approximant\|ɭ]]	[[palatal lateral approximant\|ʎ]]	[[velar lateral approximant\|ʟ]]
Lateral Flap			[[alveolar lateral flap\|ɺ]]			*	*	*

Çав. пекех

Фонетика


Артикуляци вырăнĕ →	тутăлă		Coronal				Dorsal				Radical				(none)
Manner of articulation ↓	Bilabial	Labio‐ dental	Шăллă	Alveolar	Post‐ alveolar	Retro‐ flex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular		Pharyn‐ geal		Epi‐ glottal		Glottal
Nasal	[[bilabial nasal\|m]]	[[labiodental nasal\|ɱ]]	[[alveolar nasal\|n]]			[[retroflex nasal\|ɳ]]	[[palatal nasal\|ɲ]]	[[velar nasal\|ŋ]]	[[uvular nasal\|ɴ]]
Plosive	[[voiceless bilabial plosive\|p]] [[voiced bilabial plosive\|b]]	* *	[[voiceless alveolar plosive\|t]] [[voiced alveolar plosive\|d]]			[[voiceless retroflex plosive\|ʈ]] [[voiced retroflex plosive\|ɖ]]	[[voiceless palatal plosive\|c]] [[voiced palatal plosive\|ɟ]]	[[voiceless velar plosive\|k]] [[voiced velar plosive\|ɡ]]	[[voiceless uvular plosive\|q]] [[voiced uvular plosive\|ɢ]]				[[epiglottal plosive\|ʡ]]		[[glottal stop\|ʔ]]
Fricative	[[voiceless bilabial fricative\|ɸ]] [[voiced bilabial fricative\|β]]	[[voiceless labiodental fricative\|f]] [[voiced labiodental fricative\|v]]	[[voiceless dental fricative\|θ]] [[voiced dental fricative\|ð]]	[[voiceless alveolar fricative\|s]] [[voiced alveolar fricative\|z]]	[[voiceless postalveolar fricative\|ʃ]] [[voiced postalveolar fricative\|ʒ]]	[[voiceless retroflex fricative\|ʂ]] [[voiced retroflex fricative\|ʐ]]	[[voiceless palatal fricative\|ç]] [[voiced palatal fricative\|ʝ]]	[[voiceless velar fricative\|x]] [[voiced velar fricative\|ɣ]]	[[voiceless uvular fricative\|χ]]	[[voiced uvular fricative\|ʁ]]	[[voiceless pharyngeal fricative\|ħ]]	[[voiced pharyngeal fricative\|ʕ]]	[[voiceless epiglottal fricative\|ʜ]]	[[voiced epiglottal fricative\|ʢ]]	[[voiceless glottal fricative\|h]] [[voiced glottal fricative\|ɦ]]
Approximant	[[bilabial approximant\|β̞]]	[[labiodental approximant\|ʋ]]	[[alveolar approximant\|ɹ]]			[[retroflex approximant\|ɻ]]	[[palatal approximant\|j]]	[[velar approximant\|ɰ]]		[[voiced uvular fricative\|ʁ]]		[[voiced pharyngeal fricative\|ʕ]]		[[voiced epiglottal fricative\|ʢ]]
Trill	[[bilabial trill\|ʙ]]		[[alveolar trill\|r]]			[[retroflex trill\|*]]			[[uvular trill\|ʀ]]				*
Tap or Flap	[[bilabial flap\|ѵ̟]]^†	[[labiodental flap\|ѵ]]^†	[[alveolar tap\|ɾ]]			[[retroflex flap\|ɽ]]							*
Lateral Fricative			[[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative\|ɬ]] [[voiced alveolar lateral fricative\|ɮ]]			*	*	*
Lateral Approximant			[[alveolar lateral approximant\|l]]			[[retroflex lateral approximant\|ɭ]]	[[palatal lateral approximant\|ʎ]]	[[velar lateral approximant\|ʟ]]
Lateral Flap			[[alveolar lateral flap\|ɺ]]			*	*	*