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Sakharov Prize

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, commonly known as the Sakharov Prize, is an honorary award for individuals or groups who have dedicated their lives to the defence of human rights and freedom of thought.[1] Named after Russian scientist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, the prize was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament.

A shortlist of nominees is drawn up annually by the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Development. The MEPs who make up those committees then select a shortlist in September.[2] Thereafter, the final choice is given to The European Parliament's Conference of Presidents (President and political group's leaders) and the laureate's name is announced late in October. The prize is awarded in a ceremony at the Parliament's Strasbourg hemicycle (round chamber) in December.[3][2] The prize includes a monetary award of €50,000.[3]

The first prize was awarded jointly to South African Nelson Mandela and Russian Anatoly Marchenko. The 1990 award was given to Aung San Suu Kyi, but she could not receive it until 2013 as a result of her political imprisonment in Burma.[4] The prize has also been awarded to organisations, the first being the Argentine Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo in 1992. Five Sakharov laureates were subsequently awarded the Nobel Peace Prize: Nelson Mandela, Aung San Suu Kyi, Malala Yousafzai, Denis Mukwege and Nadia Murad.[5]

Razan Zaitouneh (2011) was kidnapped in 2013 and is still missing.[6] Nasrin Sotoudeh (2012) was released from prison in September 2013,[7] but is still barred from leaving Iran, along with fellow 2012 laureate Jafar Panahi.[8] The 2017 prize was awarded to the Democratic Opposition in Venezuela, under boycott of the European United Left–Nordic Green Left.[9][10]

Laureates

Key
†Indicates a posthumous award
YearImageRecipientNationalityNotesReference
1988Nelson Mandela was the inaugural winner of the prize, together with Anatoly MarchenkoNelson Mandela South AfricaAnti-apartheid activist and later first President of South Africa[11]
Anatoly Marchenko † Soviet UnionSoviet dissident, author, and human rights activist[12]
1989Dubček in 1989Alexander Dubček CzechoslovakiaSlovak politician, attempted to reform the communist regime during the Prague Spring[11]
1990Suu Kyi in 2013Aung San Suu Kyi BurmaAt the time she received the award, Suu Kyi was an opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy, known for her peaceful struggle against military rule in Myanmar. She personally accepted the award in 2013, after she was released from 15 years of house arrest. In 2020, the Conference of Presidents of the European Parliament formally suspended Suu Kyi from the Sakharov Prize Community due to her role in the atrocities against the Rohingya people, but did not revoke the prize itself.[13][14][15][16]
1991
-
Adem Demaçi YugoslaviaKosovo Albanian politician and long-term political prisoner[11]
1992The white shawl of the Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, painted on the floor in Buenos Aires, ArgentinaMothers of the Plaza de Mayo ArgentinaAssociation of Argentine mothers whose children disappeared during the Dirty War[13]
1993The Oslobođenje logo, 2019Oslobođenje Republic of Bosnia and HerzegovinaPopular newspaper that defended Bosnia and Herzegovina as a multi-ethnic state[13]
1994Nasrin in 2013Taslima Nasrin BangladeshFeminist author and former doctor[13]
1995Zana in 2007Leyla Zana TurkeyPolitician of Kurdish descent from Southeastern Turkey, who was imprisoned for 15 years for being a member of the PKK[11]
1996Jingsheng in 2010Wei Jingsheng ChinaActivist in the Chinese democracy movement[13]
1997Ghezali in 2013Salima Ghezali AlgeriaJournalist and writer, activist for women's rights, human rights, and democracy in Algeria[13]
1998Rugova in 2004Ibrahim Rugova FR YugoslaviaKosovo Albanian politician and first President of Kosovo[11]
1999Gusmão in 2011Xanana Gusmão East TimorFormer militant and later first President of East Timor[17]
2000
-
¡Basta Ya! SpainOrganisation uniting individuals of various political positions against terrorism[18]
2001Peled-Elhanan in 2001Nurit Peled-Elhanan IsraelPeace activist[11]
Izzat Ghazzawi PalestineWriter and professor
Zacarias Kamwenho in 2013Dom Zacarias Kamwenho AngolaArchbishop and peace activist
2002Oswaldo Payá CubaPolitical activist and dissident[19]
2003Annan in 2012Kofi Annan GhanaNobel Peace Prize recipient and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations[11]
The UN-flag since its inception in 1946United NationsInternational
2004
-
Belarusian Association of Journalists BelarusNon-governmental organisation "aiming to ensure freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information and promoting professional standards of journalism"[20]
2005Members of Ladies in White demonstrating in Havana, Cuba, in 2012Ladies in White CubaOpposition movement, relatives of jailed dissidents[21]
The Reporters Without Borders logo since 2012Reporters Without BordersInternationalFrance-based non-governmental organisation advocating freedom of the press[21]
Ibrahim in 2018Hauwa Ibrahim NigeriaHuman rights lawyer[21]
2006Milinkevich in 2009Alaksandar Milinkievič BelarusPolitician chosen by United Democratic Forces of Belarus as the joint candidate of the opposition in the 2006 presidential election[22]
2007Osman in 2013Salih Mahmoud Osman SudanHuman rights lawyer[13]
2008Hu JiaHu Jia ChinaActivist and dissident[23]
2009
-
Memorial RussiaInternational civil rights and historical society[24]
2010Fariñas in 2014Guillermo Fariñas CubaDoctor, journalist, and political dissident[25]
2011[a]Mahfouz in 2011Asmaa Mahfouz EgyptFive representatives of the Arab people, in recognition and support of their drive for freedom and human rights[26]
al-Senussi in 2011Ahmed al-Senussi Libya
Zaitouneh from an unknown dateRazan Zaitouneh Syria
Ferzat from Michael Netzer's Portraits of the Creators Sketchbook, 2011Ali Farzat
Mohamed Bouazizi † Tunisia
2012Panahi in 2007Jafar Panahi IranIranian activists, Sotoudeh is a lawyer and Panahi is a film director.[27][28]
Sotoudeh in 2012Nasrin Sotoudeh
2013Yousafzai in 2019Malala Yousafzai PakistanCampaigner for women's rights and education[29]
2014Mukwege in 2014Denis Mukwege Democratic Republic of the CongoGynecologist treating victims of gang rape[30]
2015Badawi in 2012Raif Badawi Saudi ArabiaSaudi Arabian writer, activist, and the creator of the website Free Saudi Liberals[31][b]
2016Murad in 2016Nadia Murad IraqYazidi human rights activists and former abductees of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[32]
Aji Bashar in 2017Lamiya Aji Bashar
2017Lorent Saleh inaugurated at the Sakharov Walk of FreedomDemocratic opposition in Venezuela VenezuelaMembers of the country's National Assembly and all political prisoners as listed by Foro Penal Venezolano represented by Leopoldo López, Julio Borges, Antonio Ledezma, Daniel Ceballos [es], Yon Goicoechea, Lorent Saleh, Alfredo Ramos [es] and Andrea González. The award was seen as rewarding the "courage of student activists and protesters in face of repression by Nicolas Maduro's government"[33] and boycotted by the European United Left–Nordic Green Left parliamentary group.[10][34]
2018Sentsov in 2018Oleg Sentsov UkraineFilm director, symbol of the struggle for the release of political prisoners held in Russia and around the world[35]
2019Tohti in 2011Ilham Tohti ChinaUyghur economist, scholar, and human rights activist[36]
2020Tsikhanouskaya in 2020Democratic opposition in Belarus BelarusDemocratic opposition of Belarus represented by the Coordination Council, an initiative of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya, Svetlana Alexievich, Maria Kalesnikava, Volha Kavalkova and Veranika Tsapkala, and political and civil society figures - Siarhei Tsikhanouski, Ales Bialiatski, Sergei Dylevsky, Stsiapan Putsila and Mikola Statkevich.[37][c][d]
2021Navalny in 2011Alexei Navalny RussiaOpposition politician and anti-corruption activist[39]
2022Representatives from UkraineThe Ukrainian people UkraineAwarded to Ukrainians who are "protecting democracy, freedom and rule of law" following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[40][41]
2023Mahsa Jina Amini † IranMahsa Amini's death under suspicious circumstances led to widespread protests, often under the slogan Woman, Life, Freedom.[42][42]
A sign with the slogan on it in Central and Northern Kurdish as well as EnglishWoman, Life, Freedom movement

Table notes

References

External links

Retrieved from "https://www.search.com.vn/wiki/?lang=en&title=Sakharov_Prize&oldid=1209662951"
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