Ujian COVID-19
Ujian COVID-19 dapat mengenal pasti virus SARS-CoV-2 dan merangkumi kaedah yang mengesan kehadiran virus itu sendiri (RT-PCR, penguatan asid nukleik isoterma, antigen) dan yang mengesan antibodi yang dihasilkan sebagai tindak balas terhadap jangkitan. Pengesanan antibodi (ujian serologi) dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis dan pengawasan penduduk. Ujian antibodi menunjukkan berapa ramai orang yang menghidap penyakit ini, termasuk mereka yang gejalanya kecil atau tidak bergejala, tetapi mungkin tidak menemui antibodi pada seseorang dengan jangkitan COVID-19 semasa kerana antibodi mungkin tidak muncul selama berminggu-minggu.[1] Kadar kematian penyakit yang tepat dan tahap kekebalan kawanan pada populasi dapat ditentukan dari hasil ujian ini. Walau bagaimanapun, tempoh dan keberkesanan tindak balas imun ini masih belum jelas.[2]
Akibat pengujian yang terhad, sehingga Mac 2020 tiada negara yang memiliki data yang boleh dipercayai mengenai kelaziman virus pada populasi mereka.[3] Pada 24 Mei, negara-negara yang menerbitkan data ujian mereka biasanya telah melakukan banyak ujian yang sama dengan 2.6 peratus populasi mereka, dan tiada negara yang menguji sampel yang sama dengan lebih dari 17.3 % populasinya.[4] Terdapat kepelbagaian berapa banyak pengujian yang telah dilakukan di seluruh negara.[5] Kebolehubahan ini juga mungkin mempengaruhi kadar kematian kes yang dilaporkan, yang mungkin terlalu tinggi di banyak negara, kerana bias sampel.[6][7][8]
Statistik ujian mengikut negara
Strategi ujian berbeza mengikut negara dan dari masa ke masa,[9] dengan beberapa negara menguji secara meluas,[10] sementara yang lain kadang-kadang berfokus kecil hanya untuk menguji orang yang sakit serius.[11] Negara yang hanya menguji orang yang menunjukkan gejala akan mempunyai angka yang lebih tinggi untuk "Disahkan / diuji" daripada negara yang juga menguji negara lain.[12] Sekiranya dua negara sama dalam semua hal, termasuk orang yang mereka uji, negara yang menguji lebih banyak orang akan mempunyai "Disahkan / populasi" yang lebih tinggi. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa negara yang menguji lebih banyak, berbanding dengan jumlah kematian,[6] mempunyai kadar kematian kes yang dianggarkan lebih rendah dan taburan kes usia yang lebih muda.[13]
Negara dan rantau | Tarikh[a] | Diuji | Unit[b] | Disahkan (kes) | Disahkan / ujian, % | Diuji / populasi, % | Disahkan / populasi, % | Ruj. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 17 Dis 2020 | 154,767 | sampel | 49,621 | 32.1 | 0.40 | 0.13 | [14] |
Albania | 18 Feb 2021 | 428,654 | sampel | 96,838 | 22.6 | 15.0 | 3.4 | [15] |
Algeria | 2 Nov 2020 | 230,553 | sampel | 58,574 | 25.4 | 0.53 | 0.13 | [16][17] |
Andorra | 24 Mei 2021 | 190,469 | sampel | 13,661 | 7.2 | 246 | 17.6 | [18] |
Angola | 12 Mac 2021 | 399,228 | sampel | 20,981 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 0.067 | [19] |
Antigua dan Barbuda | 6 Mac 2021 | 15,268 | sampel | 832 | 5.4 | 15.9 | 0.86 | [20] |
Argentina | 29 Mei 2021 | 13,788,201 | sampel | 3,732,263 | 27.1 | 30.4 | 8.2 | [21] |
Armenia | 29 Mei 2021 | 1,078,534 | sampel | 222,555 | 20.6 | 36.5 | 7.5 | [22] |
Australia | 30 Mei 2021 | 18,319,177 | sampel | 30,098 | 0.16 | 73.0 | 0.12 | [23] |
Austria | 30 Mei 2021 | 41,224,239 | sampel | 640,528 | 1.6 | 463 | 7.2 | [24] |
Azerbaijan | 29 Mei 2021 | 3,503,639 | sampel | 333,723 | 9.5 | 35.4 | 3.4 | [25] |
Bahamas | 27 Mei 2021 | 96,765 | sampel | 11,745 | 12.1 | 25.1 | 3.0 | [26] |
Bahrain | 29 Mei 2021 | 4,607,670 | sampel | 235,69935,699 | 5.1 | 294 | 15.0 | [27] |
Bangladesh | 20 Mei 2021 | 5,774,883 | sampel | 785,194 | 13.6 | 3.5 | 0.48 | [28] |
Barbados | 28 Mei 2021 | 169,633 | sampel | 4,012 | 2.4 | 59.1 | 1.4 | [29] |
Belarus | 29 Mei 2021 | 6,268,554 | sampel | 392,629 | 6.3 | 66.0 | 4.1 | [30] |
Belgium | 30 Mei 2021 | 13,940,283 | sampel | 1,061,200 | 7.6 | 121 | 9.2 | [31] |
Belize | 27 Mei 2021 | 131,709 | sampel | 12,789 | 9.7 | 32.2 | 3.1 | [32] |
Benin | 4 Mei 2021 | 595,112 | sampel | 7,884 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 0.067 | [33] |
Bhutan | 27 Mei 2021 | 798,573 | sampel | 1,491 | 0.19 | 108 | 0.20 | [34] |
Bolivia | 30 Mei 2021 | 1,469,174 | kes | 368,474 | 25.1 | 12.9 | 3.2 | [35] |
Bosnia dan Herzegovina | 28 Mei 2021 | 972,590 | sampel | 203,839 | 21.0 | 28.4 | 6.0 | [36] |
Botswana | 25 Mei 2021 | 1,130,899 | 52,865 | 4.7 | 50.2 | 2.3 | [37][38] | |
Brazil | 19 Feb 2021 | 23,561,497 | sampel | 10,081,676 | 42.8 | 11.2 | 4.8 | [39][40] |
Brunei | 26 Mei 2021 | 126,634 | sampel | 240 | 0.19 | 27.6 | 0.052 | [41] |
Bulgaria | 29 Mei 2021 | 2,816,677 | sampel | 418,221 | 14.8 | 40.5 | 6.0 | [42] |
Burkina Faso | 4 Mac 2021 | 158,777 | sampel | 12,123 | 7.6 | 0.76 | 0.058 | [16][43] |
Burundi | 5 Jan 2021 | 90,019 | 884 | 0.98 | 0.76 | 0.0074 | [44] | |
Kemboja | 24 Mei 2021 | 1,113,752 | 25,761 | 2.3 | 6.9 | 0.16 | [45] | |
Cameroon | 18 Feb 2021 | 942,685 | sampel | 32,681 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 0.12 | [16] |
Kanada | 30 Mei 2021 | 34,717,353 | sampel | 1,378,971 | 4.0 | 91.6 | 3.6 | [46] |
Chad | 2 Mac 2021 | 99,027 | sampel | 4,020 | 4.1 | 0.72 | 0.029 | [16][47] |
Chile | 30 Mei 2021 | 14,753,173 | sampel | 1,377,507 | 9.3 | 77.4 | 7.2 | [48] |
China[c] | 31 Jul 2020 | 160,000,000 | kes | 87,655 | 0.055 | 11.1 | 0.0061 | [49][50] |
Colombia | 29 Mei 2021 | 16,878,897 | sampel | 3,363,061 | 19.9 | 35.0 | 7.0 | [51][52] |
Costa Rica | 27 Mei 2021 | 1,203,358 | sampel | 311,922 | 25.9 | 24.1 | 6.2 | [53] |
Croatia | 29 Mei 2021 | 2,005,789 | kes | 355,955 | 17.7 | 49.2 | 8.7 | [54] |
Cuba | 28 Mei 2021 | 4,283,455 | sampel | 140,087 | 3.3 | 37.8 | 1.2 | [55][56] |
Cyprus[d] | 26 Mei 2021 | 6,495,283 | sampel | 72,159 | 1.1 | 752 | 8.4 | [57] |
Czechia | 29 Mei 2021 | 7,264,854 | sampel | 1,660,935 | 22.9 | 67.9 | 15.5 | [58] |
Denmark[e] | 30 Mei 2021 | 32,841,193 | sampel | 280,383 | 0.85 | 564 | 4.8 | [59][60] |
Djibouti | 29 Mei 2021 | 158,240 | 11,521 | 7.3 | 17.2 | 1.2 | [61] | |
Dominica | 17 Mei 2021 | 16,134 | kes | 184 | 1.1 | 22.5 | 0.26 | [62] |
Republik Dominica | 27 Mei 2021 | 1,535,724 | sampel | 289,288 | 18.8 | 14.1 | 2.7 | [63] |
DR Congo | 28 Feb 2021 | 124,838 | 25,961 | 20.8 | 0.14 | 0.029 | [16][64] | |
Ecuador | 27 Mei 2021 | 1,408,901 | sampel | 422,329 | 30.0 | 8.2 | 2.5 | [65] |
Mesir | 20 Mei 2021 | 2,792,490 | sampel | 250,391 | 9.0 | 2.8 | 0.25 | [16][66] |
El Salvador | 29 Mei 2021 | 985,987 | sampel | 73,246 | 7.4 | 15.2 | 1.1 | [67] |
Equatorial Guinea | 27 Apr 2021 | 123,169 | 7,694 | 6.2 | 1.0 | 0.59 | [68] | |
Estonia | 29 Mei 2021 | 1,416,356 | sampel | 129,424 | 9.1 | 107 | 9.7 | [69] |
Eswatini | 17 Mei 2021 | 192,800 | 18,523 | 9.6 | 17.0 | 1.6 | [70] | |
Habsyah | 21 Mei 2021 | 2,677,195 | sampel | 268,520 | 10.0 | 2.3 | 0.23 | [71] |
Kepulauan Faroe | 30 Mei 2021 | 276,360 | sampel | 718 | 0.26 | 530 | 1.4 | [72] |
Fiji | 13 Mei 2021 | 70,732 | sampel | 165 | 0.23 | 7.9 | 0.018 | [73] |
Finland | 28 Mei 2021 | 4,973,074 | sampel | 92,244 | 1.9 | 89.7 | 1.7 | [74] |
Perancis[f][g] | 29 Mei 2021 | 84,383,310 | sampel | 5,657,572 | 6.7 | 129 | 8.7 | [75] |
Gabon | 21 Mei 2021 | 785,631 | sampel | 24,107 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 0.078 | [76] |
Gambia | 15 Feb 2021 | 43,217 | sampel | 4,469 | 10.3 | 2.0 | 0.21 | [77] |
Georgia[h] | 29 Mei 2021 | 2,666,794 | sampel | 342,880 | 12.9 | 71.7 | 9.2 | [78] |
Jerman | 26 Mei 2021 | 60,408,571 | sampel | 3,656,177 | 6.1 | 72.0 | 4.4 | [79][80] |
Ghana | 20 Mei 2021 | 1,146,633 | sampel | 93,644 | 8.2 | 3.7 | 0.30 | [81] |
Greece | 30 Mei 2021 | 9,497,579 | sampel | 401,301 | 4.2 | 88.2 | 3.7 | [82] |
Greenland | 29 Mei 2021 | 25,174 | sampel | 40 | 0.16 | 44.9 | 0.071 | [83] |
Grenada | 11 Mei 2021 | 28,684 | 161 | 0.56 | 25.7 | 0.14 | [84] | |
Guatemala | 26 Mei 2021 | 1,404,499 | sampel | 251,336 | 17.9 | 8.1 | 1.5 | [85] |
Guinea | 21 Mei 2021 | 453,829 | sampel | 22,988 | 5.1 | 3.5 | 0.18 | [16][86] |
Guinea-Bissau | 19 Mei 2021 | 66,154 | 3,746 | 5.7 | 3.5 | 0.20 | [87] | |
Guyana | 29 Mei 2021 | 152,486 | kes | 16,822 | 11.0 | 19.4 | 2.1 | [88] |
Haiti | 19 Mei 2021 | 68,523 | kes | 13,843 | 20.2 | 0.60 | 0.12 | [89] |
Honduras | 26 Mei 2021 | 704,144 | sampel | 234,923 | 33.4 | 7.3 | 2.5 | [90] |
Hungary | 29 Mei 2021 | 5,801,554 | sampel | 804,032 | 13.9 | 60.1 | 8.3 | [91] |
Iceland | 27 Mei 2021 | 654,377 | sampel | 6,571 | 1.0 | 180 | 1.8 | [92] |
India | 19 Sep 2021 | 553,621,766 | sampel | 33,766,707 | 6.1 | 40.1 | 2.4 | [93][94] |
Indonesia | 3 Jul 2023 | 76,062,770 | kes | 6,812,127 | 9.0 | 28.2 | 2.52 | [95][96] |
Iran | 29 Mei 2021 | 19,687,077 | sampel | 2,893,218 | 14.7 | 23.7 | 3.5 | [97] |
Iraq | 29 Mei 2021 | 10,371,421 | sampel | 1,193,608 | 11.5 | 25.8 | 3.0 | [98] |
Ireland | 14 Mei 2021 | 4,729,538 | sampel | 254,870 | 5.4 | 96.1 | 5.2 | [99] |
Israel | 29 Mei 2021 | 14,677,053 | sampel | 839,453 | 5.7 | 160 | 9.1 | [100] |
Itali | 30 Mei 2021 | 66,085,278 | sampel | 4,216,003 | 6.4 | 109 | 7.0 | [101] |
Ivory Coast | 3 Mac 2021 | 429,177 | sampel | 33,285 | 7.8 | 1.6 | 0.13 | [102] |
Jamaica | 28 Mei 2021 | 377,206 | sampel | 48,374 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 1.8 | [103] |
Jepun | 1 Mac 2021 | 8,487,288 | 432,773 | 5.1 | 6.7 | 0.34 | [104] | |
Jordan | 27 Mei 2021 | 7,207,284 | sampel | 734,039 | 10.2 | 67.6 | 6.9 | [105] |
Kazakhstan | 28 Mei 2021 | 11,575,012 | sampel | 385,144 | 3.3 | 62.1 | 2.1 | [106] |
Kenya | 5 Mac 2021 | 1,322,806 | sampel | 107,729 | 8.1 | 2.8 | 0.23 | [107] |
Kosovo | 29 Mei 2021 | 607,230 | kes | 107,382 | 17.7 | 33.5 | 5.9 | [108] |
Kuwait | 29 Mei 2021 | 2,587,580 | sampel | 306,717 | 11.9 | 60.3 | 7.1 | [109] |
Kyrgyzstan | 10 Feb 2021 | 695,415 | sampel | 85,253 | 12.3 | 10.7 | 1.3 | [110] |
Laos | 1 Mac 2021 | 114,030 | kes | 45 | 0.039 | 1.6 | 0.00063 | [111] |
Latvia | 29 Mei 2021 | 2,593,670 | sampel | 132,918 | 5.1 | 135 | 6.9 | [112] |
Lebanon | 30 Mei 2021 | 4,392,200 | sampel | 540,277 | 12.3 | 64.4 | 7.9 | [113] |
Lesotho | 22 Mei 2021 | 92,169 | 10,822 | 11.7 | 4.6 | 0.54 | [114] | |
Liberia | 19 Mei 2021 | 102,561 | 2,142 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 0.042 | [115] | |
Libya | 29 Mei 2021 | 1,012,557 | sampel | 185,151 | 18.3 | 14.8 | 2.7 | [16][116] |
Lithuania | 29 Mei 2021 | 3,474,616 | sampel | 274,199 | 7.9 | 124 | 9.8 | [117][118] |
Luxembourg[i] | 26 Mei 2021 | 2,869,686 | sampel | 69,749 | 2.4 | 458 | 11.1 | [119] |
Madagascar | 19 Feb 2021 | 119,608 | kes | 19,831 | 16.6 | 0.46 | 0.076 | [120] |
Malawi | 22 Mei 2021 | 242,797 | sampel | 34,274 | 14.1 | 1.3 | 0.18 | [121] |
Malaysia | 30 Mei 2021 | 11,976,897 | kes | 565,533 | 4.7 | 36.5 | 17.3 | [122] |
Maldives | 30 Mei 2021 | 883,760 | sampel | 63,686 | 7.2 | 225 | 16.2 | [123][124] |
Mali | 1 Mac 2021 | 200,772 | sampel | 8,390 | 4.2 | 0.99 | 0.041 | [16][125] |
Malta | 29 Mei 2021 | 922,763 | sampel | 30,529 | 3.3 | 187 | 6.2 | [126] |
Mauritania | 16 Apr 2021 | 268,093 | 18,103 | 6.8 | 6.1 | 0.41 | [127] | |
Mauritius | 22 Nov 2020 | 289,552 | sampel | 494 | 0.17 | 22.9 | 0.039 | [128] |
Mexico | 24 Mei 2021 | 6,512,658 | kes | 2,397,307 | 36.8 | 5.1 | 1.9 | [129] |
Moldova[j] | 29 Mei 2021 | 1,110,272 | sampel | 255,105 | 23.0 | 42.0 | 9.7 | [130] |
Mongolia | 30 Mei 2021 | 2,933,544 | kes | 57,512 | 2.0 | 87.5 | 1.7 | [131] |
Montenegro | 10 Mei 2021 | 394,388 | sampel | 98,449 | 25.0 | 62.5 | 15.6 | [132][133] |
Maghribi | 29 Mei 2021 | 6,500,713 | kes | 518,868 | 8.0 | 17.6 | 1.4 | [134] |
Mozambique | 22 Mei 2021 | 544,605 | sampel | 70,568 | 13.0 | 1.7 | 0.23 | [135] |
Myanmar | 22 Mei 2021 | 2,610,069 | sampel | 143,228 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 0.26 | [136] |
Namibia | 29 Mei 2021 | 431,010 | sampel | 54,659 | 12.7 | 15.7 | 2.0 | [137] |
Nepal | 31 Mei 2021 | 3,057,424 | sampel | 561,302 | 18.4 | 10.9 | 2.0 | [138] |
Belanda | 25 Mei 2021 | 13,540,404 | kes | 1,631,384 | 12.0 | 77.7 | 9.4 | [139] |
New Caledonia | 30 Mei 2021 | 33,058 | sampel | 128 | 0.39 | 12.2 | 0.047 | [140] |
New Zealand | 30 Mei 2021 | 2,137,414 | sampel | 2,316 | 0.11 | 42.9 | 0.046 | [141][142] |
Niger | 22 Feb 2021 | 79,321 | kes | 4,740 | 6.0 | 0.35 | 0.021 | [143] |
Nigeria | 28 Feb 2021 | 1,544,008 | sampel | 155,657 | 10.1 | 0.75 | 0.076 | [144] |
Korea Utara | 25 Nov 2020 | 16,914 | kes | 0 | 0 | 0.066 | 0 | [145] |
Macedonia Utara | 28 Mei 2021 | 788,300 | sampel | 155,217 | 19.7 | 38.0 | 7.5 | [146][147] |
Cyprus Utara[k] | 26 Mei 2021 | 1,184,994 | sampel | 7,139 | 0.60 | 363 | 2.2 | [148] |
Norway | 27 Mei 2021 | 5,698,005 | sampel | 123,619 | 2.2 | 106 | 2.3 | [149] |
Oman | 28 Okt 2020 | 509,959 | sampel | 114,434 | 22.4 | 11.0 | 2.5 | [150] |
Pakistan | 5 Mac 2021 | 9,173,593 | sampel | 588,728 | 6.4 | 4.2 | 0.27 | [151] |
Palestin | 29 Mei 2021 | 1,821,906 | sampel | 336,679 | 18.5 | 36.1 | 6.7 | [152] |
Panama | 29 Mei 2021 | 2,643,052 | sampel | 377,428 | 14.3 | 63.3 | 9.0 | [153] |
Papua New Guinea | 17 Feb 2021 | 47,490 | kes | 961 | 2.0 | 0.53 | 0.011 | [154] |
Paraguay | 28 Mei 2021 | 1,274,734 | sampel | 348,184 | 27.3 | 17.9 | 4.9 | [155] |
Peru | 30 Mei 2021 | 12,839,497 | sampel | 1,955,469 | 15.2 | 39.1 | 6.0 | [156] |
Filipina | 29 Mei 2021 | 13,304,523 | sampel | 1,216,582 | 9.1 | 13.2 | 1.2 | [157][158] |
Poland | 29 Mei 2021 | 15,882,644 | sampel | 2,871,371 | 18.1 | 41.4 | 7.5 | [159] |
Portugal | 28 Mei 2021 | 11,595,570 | sampel | 847,604 | 7.3 | 113 | 0.9 | [160] |
Qatar | 30 Mei 2021 | 2,020,338 | kes | 217,230 | 10.8 | 70.1 | 7.5 | [161] |
Romania | 29 Jan 2021 | 5,405,393 | sampel | 724,250 | 13.4 | 27.9 | 3.7 | [162] |
Rusia | 29 Mei 2021 | 137,550,443 | sampel | 5,053,748 | 3.7 | 93.7 | 3.4 | [163][164] |
Rwanda | 29 Mei 2021 | 1,435,523 | sampel | 26,892 | 1.9 | 11.1 | 0.21 | [165] |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 26 Mei 2021 | 15,897 | kes | 64 | 0.40 | 30.3 | 0.122 | [166] |
Saint Lucia | 29 Mei 2021 | 45,904 | sampel | 5,035 | 11.0 | 25.2 | 2.8 | [167] |
Saint Vincent | 25 Mei 2021 | 48,328 | kes | 1,995 | 4.1 | 43.9 | 1.8 | [168] |
San Marino | 24 Mei 2021 | 65,149 | sampel | 5,089 | 7.8 | 190 | 14.9 | [169] |
Arab Saudi | 29 Mei 2021 | 19,046,117 | sampel | 448,284 | 2.4 | 54.7 | 1.3 | [170] |
Senegal | 17 Mei 2021 | 534,449 | sampel | 40,872 | 7.6 | 3.4 | 0.26 | [171] |
Serbia | 29 Mei 2021 | 4,137,413 | kes | 712,046 | 17.2 | 59.4 | 10.2 | [172] |
Singapore | 24 Mei 2021 | 11,470,986 | sampel | 61,916 | 0.54 | 201 | 1.1 | [173][174] |
Slovakia | 29 Mei 2021 | 2,826,756 | sampel | 389,588 | 13.8 | 51.8 | 7.1 | [175] |
Slovenia | 30 Mei 2021 | 1,279,116 | sampel | 253,722 | 19.8 | 61.1 | 12.1 | [176] |
Afrika Selatan | 24 Mei 2021 | 11,378,282 | kes | 1,637,848 | 14.4 | 19.2 | 2.8 | [177][178] |
Korea Selatan | 1 Mac 2021 | 6,592,010 | sampel | 90,029 | 1.4 | 12.7 | 0.17 | [179] |
Sudan Utara | 13 Mei 2021 | 158,678 | 10,651 | 6.7 | 1.2 | 0.083 | [180] | |
Sepanyol | 20 Mei 2021 | 49,708,830 | sampel | 3,663,176 | 7.4 | 106 | 7.8 | [181][182] |
Sri Lanka | 30 Mac 2021 | 2,384,745 | sampel | 93,128 | 3.9 | 10.9 | 0.43 | [183][184] |
Sudan | 7 Jan 2021 | 158,804 | sampel | 23,316 | 14.7 | 0.36 | 0.053 | [16] |
Sweden | 24 Mei 2021 | 9,996,795 | sampel | 1,074,751 | 10.8 | 96.8 | 10.4 | [185][186] |
Switzerland[l] | 27 Mei 2021 | 7,600,865 | sampel | 692,111 | 9.1 | 88.3 | 8.0 | [187] |
Taiwan[m] | 22 Mei 2021 | 610,865 | sampel | 3,862 | 0.63 | 2.6 | 0.0164 | [188] |
Tanzania | 18 Nov 2020 | 3,880 | 509 | 13.1 | 0.0065 | 0.00085 | [16] | |
Thailand | 4 Mac 2021 | 1,579,597 | kes | 26,162 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 0.038 | [189] |
Togo | 23 Mei 2021 | 328,704 | 13,374 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 0.16 | [190] | |
Trinidad dan Tobago | 29 Mei 2021 | 179,343 | kes | 23,001 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 1.7 | [191] |
Tunisia | 28 Mei 2021 | 1,466,886 | sampel | 343,374 | 23.4 | 12.4 | 2.9 | [192] |
Turki | 29 Mei 2021 | 53,700,891 | sampel | 5,235,978 | 9.7 | 64.6 | 6.3 | [193] |
Uganda | 11 Feb 2021 | 852,444 | sampel | 39,979 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 0.087 | [194] |
Ukraine | 29 Mei 2021 | 10,156,756 | sampel | 2,199,769 | 21.7 | 24.2 | 5.2 | [195] |
Emiriah Arab Bersatu | 30 Mei 2021 | 50,149,036 | sampel | 569,073 | 1.1 | 522 | 5.9 | [196] |
United Kingdom | 28 Mei 2021 | 181,453,219 | sampel | 4,477,705 | 2.5 | 269 | 6.6 | [197] |
Amerika Syarikat | 29 Mei 2021 | 463,880,520 | sampel | 33,249,494 | 7.2 | 140 | 10.0 | [198][199] |
Uruguay | 30 Mei 2021 | 2,248,766 | sampel | 291,488 | 13.0 | 64.8 | 8.4 | [200] |
Uzbekistan | 7 Sep 2020 | 2,630,000 | sampel | 43,975 | 1.7 | 7.7 | 0.13 | [201] |
Venezuela | 30 Mac 2021 | 3,179,074 | sampel | 159,149 | 5.0 | 11.0 | 0.55 | [202] |
Vietnam | 16 Mei 2021 | 3,417,962 | sampel | 4,175 | 0.12 | 3.5 | 0.0042 | [203] |
Zambia | 30 Mei 2021 | 1,553,442 | sampel | 95,050 | 6.1 | 9.0 | 0.55 | [204] |
Zimbabwe | 24 Mei 2021 | 555,102 | sampel | 38,696 | 7.0 | 3.7 | 0.26 | [16][205] |
Rujukan
Pautan luar
- Data on COVID-19 testing at Our World in Data (31 March 2020)
- COVID-19 Testing (at least) – now Free for all? (CDC; US Congress; CSPAN video/6:00; March 12, 2020)
- Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR; NCBI-PMC, DOI (23 January 2020)
- "EUA Authorized Serology Test Performance". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).