Áfríkà
Áfríkà ni orile keji titobijulo ati toni awon eniyan julo lagbaye leyin Asia. Ni bi 30.2 egbegberun km² (11.7 million sq mi) lapapo mo awon erekusu to sunmo, ile re je 6% apapo gbogbo oju Aye ati 20.4% gbogbo ile Aye.[2] Pelu egbegberunkeji kan eniyan (ni 2009, e wo tabili) ni awon agbegbe 61, eyi je bi 14.72% gbogbo iye eniyan Agbaye. Ni ariwa re ni Okun Mediterraneani wa, si ariwailaorun re ni Ilaodo Suez ati Okun Pupa wa legbe Sinai Peninsula, si guusuilaorun re ni Okun India, ati si iwoorun re ni Okun Atlantiki wa. Afrika ni orile-ede 54 lapapo mo Madagascar, opolopo erekusu ati orile-ede Olominira Sahrawi Arabu Toseluaralu, to je omo egbe Isokan Afrika botilejepe Morocco lodi si eyi.
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| Ààlà | 30,221,532 km2 (11,668,598.7 sq mi) |
|---|---|
| Olùgbé | 1,000,010,000[1] (2005, 2nd) |
| Ìṣúpọ̀ olùgbé | 30.51 km2 (about 80/sq mi) |
| Demonym | African |
| Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè | 53 (List of countries) |
| Dependencies | |
| Àwọn èdè | List of languages |
| Time Zones | UTC-1 to UTC+4 |
| Àwọn ìlú tótóbijùlọ | List of cities |
Afrika, agaga gbongan apailaorun Afrika, je gbigba lopolopo latowo awon awujo onisayensi pe ibe ni ibi ti awon eniyan ti bere ati Hominidae clade (great apes), gege bi o se han pelu iwari awon hominids pipejulo ati awon babanla won, ati awon ti won wa leyin won ti won peju bi odun legbegberun meje seyin – lapapomo Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis and H. ergaster – pelu eyi to pejulo ninu won Homo sapiens (eniyan odeoni) ti o je wiwari ni Ethiopia to je odun bi 200,000 seyin.[3]
Afrika bo ibugedemeji mole, o si ni orisirisi awon agbegbe ojuojo; o je orile kan soso to gun lati agbegbe apaariwa aloworo de apaguusu alaworo.[4]
Orisun itumo oro
Afri ni oruko awon eniyan ti won gbe ni Ariwa Afrika leba Carthage. Oruko awon wonyi je siso mo "afar" ti awon Finiki, to tumosi "eruku", sugbon ero 1981 kan[5] ti so pe o wa lati oro ede Berber ifri tabi Ifran totumosi "cave", in reference to cave dwellers.[6] Afrika tabi Ifri tabi Afer[6] ni oruko Banu Ifran lati Algeria ati Tripolitania (Eya Berber ti Yafran).[7]
Labe ijoba awon Ara Romu, Carthage di oluilu Igberiko Afrika, to tun je kikomo apa eba odo Libya oni. "-ka" ("ca") to je ilemeyin Afrika je awon Ara Romu to tokasi "orile-ede tabi ile".[8] Bakanna, ile-oba Musulumi ayeijoun Ifriqiya to wa leyin, ti a mo loni bi Tunisia, na tun lo iru oruko yi.
Awon orisun itumo miran ti won ti da laba bi orisun oruko ijoun "Afrika":
- omo Ju olukoitan ni orundun 1st Flavius Josephus (Ant. 1.15) so pe o je sisoloruko fun Epher, omokunrin omoomo Abraham gege bi Gen. 25:4, ti awon omomo re, bo se so, pe won bori Libya.
- oro Latin aprica ("ihan orun"; "sunny") ti Isidore of Seville menu ba ninu Etymologiae XIV.5.2.
- oro Griiki aphrike (Αφρική), to tumosi "aini otutu." Olukoitan Leo Africanus (1488–1554) lo damoran yi, to daba oro Griiki phrike (φρίκη, to tumosi "otutu ati eru"), lapapo mo "a-", lati tumosi "ile ti ko ni otutu ati eru.
- Massey, ni 1881, mu orisun itumo kan wa lati oro Egypti af-rui-ka, "di dori ko ojuona Ka." Ka tokasi ibiomo. Nipa eyi Afrika je fun awon Ara Egypti, "ile ibimo."[9]
Itan
Itan atijo
Ni ibere Igba Mesosoik, Afrika je jijapo mo awon orile Aye yioku gege bi Pangea.[10] Afrika pin awon fauna kanna ti orilegbangba yi ti o je sisori lowo awon theropods, prosauropods ati ornithischians akokolo nigbati igba Trias wa sopin.[10] Awon idokuta opin je wiwari kakiri Africa, sugbon won wopo ni guusu ju ariwa lo.[10] Ila to ya igba Triassic soto si Jurassic lo falasi ibere awon isele iparun to ni ip ni lagbaye, botilejepe strata Afrika igba yi ko ti je gbigbewo daada.[10]
Awon ipele ile igba Ibere Jurassik pinkiri lona kanna bi ti isun Late Triassic, with more common outcrops in the south and less common fossil beds which are predominated by tracks to the north.[10] As the Jurassic proceeded, larger and more iconic groups of dinosaurs like sauropods and ornithopods proliferated in Africa.[10] Middle Jurassic strata are neither well represented nor well studied in Africa.[10] Late Jurassic strata are also poorly represented apart from the spectacular Tendaguru fauna in Tanzania.[10] The Late Jurassic life of Tendaguru is very similar to that found in western North America's Morrison Formation.[10]
Orundun 9k–18k
Afrika ki o to di ibialamusin o se e se ki o ni orisirisi orile-ede otooto to ju 10,000 lo ati asejoba[11] to ni orisirisi ilana ati agbajo oloselu. Ninu awon wonyi ni idipo ebi kekere awon asode bi awon San ni apaguusu Afrika; titobi, awon adipo adimule bi awon idipo ibatan ebi awon elede Bantu ni apaarin ati apaguusu Afrika, awon adipo ibatan adimule gidigidi ni Ibi Iwo Ori Afrika, awon ileoba Saheli titobi, ati awon ilu-orilejoba ati awon ileoba aladawa bi ti awon Yoruba ni Iwoorun Afrika, ati awon ilu oja etiodo awon Swahili ni Ilaorun Afrika.
Nigba to fi di orundun 9k SK orisirisi awon orilejoba obairanderan, ti awon orilejoba Hausa akoko wa ninu won, ti san kakiri saffana abe-sahara lati awon agbegbe apaiwoorun de ibiarin Sudan. Awon to lagbarajulo larin awon orilejoba wonyi ni Ghana, Gao, ati Kanem-Bornu Empire. Agbara Ghana dinku ni orundun 11k sugbon Ileobaluaye Mali ropo re, eyi lo si di opo gbogbo apaiwoorun Afrika mu ni orundun 13k. Kanem gba esin Imale ni orundun 11k. Be sini ni awon agbegbe igbo etiodo Iwoorun Afrika, awon ileoba alominira jadide laini ipa kankan latodo ariwa Musulumi.
Ife, to je akoko larin awon ilu-orilejoba tabi ileoba Yoruba, sedasile ijoba labe oba, ton unje Ooni. Ife je ibi pataki esin ati asa ni Afrika, ati fun asa ibile ere gbigbe. Iru ifijuwe ijoba Ile-Ife je gbigbamulo ni Oyo, nibiti awon oba, ti won unje Alaafin ti figba kan joba lori opo iye iluorilejoba ati ileoba Yoruba miran ati ti awon ti won ko je Yoruba, Ileoba Dahomey awon Fon je ibi ti won ko so ede Yoruba labe ijoba Oyo.
Awon Almoraffidi, je obairanderan Beriberi lati Sahara ti won fon kiri ariwaapaiwoorun Afrika ati peninsula Iberian nigba orundun 11k.[12] Banu Hilal ati Banu Ma'qil je akopo aon eya Arab Bedouin lati Arabian peninsula ti on kolo si iwoorun lati Egypt larin orundun 11k ati 13k. Ikoreokere fa idapo awon Arabu ati Beriberi, nibi ti awon ara ile ti di Arabu,[13] be sini asa Arabu gba apilese asa ibile ibe, labe isokan Islam.[14]
Awon agbegbe
Àwọn orílẹ̀-èdè tí wọ́n wà ní ìpele yí ni wọ́n wà lábẹ́ àtò scheme for geographic subregions tí àjọ United Nations, àti data tí ó rọ̀ mọ́ ìtọ́ka sí fún àpilẹ̀kọ. Where they differ, provisos are clearly indicated.
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| Orúkọ agbègbè[15] àti ilẹ̀, pẹ̀lú asìá | Ààlà (km²) | Alábùgbé (2009 est) except where noted | Ìṣúpọ̀ (per km²) | Olúìlú |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eastern Africa: | 6,384,904 | 316,053,651 | 49.5 | |
 Burundi | 27,830 | 8,988,091[16] | 322.9 | Bujumbura |
 Comoros | 2,170 | 752,438[16] | 346.7 | Moroni |
 Djibouti | 23,000 | 516,055[16] | 22.4 | Djibouti |
 Eritrea | 121,320 | 5,647,168[16] | 46.5 | Asmara |
 Ethiopia | 1,127,127 | 85,237,338[16] | 75.6 | Addis Ababa |
 Kenya | 582,650 | 39,002,772[16] | 66.0 | Nairobi |
 Madagascar | 587,040 | 20,653,556[16] | 35.1 | Antananarivo |
 Malawi | 118,480 | 14,268,711[16] | 120.4 | Lilongwe |
 Mauritius | 2,040 | 1,284,264[16] | 629.5 | Port Louis |
 Mayotte (France) | 374 | 223,765[16] | 489.7 | Mamoudzou |
 Mozambique | 801,590 | 21,669,278[16] | 27.0 | Maputo |
| Réunion (France) | 2,512 | 743,981(2002) | 296.2 | Saint-Denis |
 Rwanda | 26,338 | 10,473,282[16] | 397.6 | Kigali |
 Seychelles | 455 | 87,476[16] | 192.2 | Victoria |
 Somalia | 637,657 | 9,832,017[16] | 15.4 | Mogadishu |
 Tanzania | 945,087 | 41,048,532[16] | 43.3 | Dodoma |
 Uganda | 236,040 | 32,369,558[16] | 137.1 | Kampala |
 Zambia | 752,614 | 11,862,740[16] | 15.7 | Lusaka |
| Middle Africa: | 6,613,253 | 121,585,754 | 18.4 | |
 Angola | 1,246,700 | 12,799,293[16] | 10.3 | Luanda |
 Cameroon | 475,440 | 18,879,301[16] | 39.7 | Yaoundé |
 Central African Republic | 622,984 | 4,511,488[16] | 7.2 | Bangui |
 Chad | 1,284,000 | 10,329,208[16] | 8.0 | N'Djamena |
 Congo | 342,000 | 4,012,809[16] | 11.7 | Brazzaville |
 Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2,345,410 | 68,692,542[16] | 29.2 | Kinshasa |
 Equatorial Guinea | 28,051 | 633,441[16] | 22.6 | Malabo |
 Gabon | 267,667 | 1,514,993[16] | 5.6 | Libreville |
 São Tomé and Príncipe | 1,001 | 212,679[16] | 212.4 | São Tomé |
| Northern Africa: | 8,533,021 | 211,087,622 | 24.7 | |
 Algeria | 2,381,740 | 34,178,188[16] | 14.3 | Algiers |
 Egypt[17] | 1,001,450 | 83,082,869[16] total, Asia 1.4m | 82.9 | Cairo |
 Libya | 1,759,540 | 6,310,434[16] | 3.6 | Tripoli |
 Morocco | 446,550 | 34,859,364[16] | 78.0 | Rabat |
 Sudan | 2,505,810 | 41,087,825[16] | 16.4 | Khartoum |
 Tunisia | 163,610 | 10,486,339[16] | 64.1 | Tunis |
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[18] | 266,000 | 405,210[16] | 1.5 | El Aaiún |
| Spanish and Portuguese territories in Northern Africa: | ||||
 Canary Islands (Spain)[19] | 7,492 | 1,694,477(2001) | 226.2 | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife |
 Ceuta (Spain)[20] | 20 | 71,505(2001) | 3,575.2 | — |
 Madeira Islands (Portugal)[21] | 797 | 245,000(2001) | 307.4 | Funchal |
 Melilla (Spain)[22] | 12 | 66,411(2001) | 5,534.2 | — |
| Southern Africa: | 2,693,418 | 56,406,762 | 20.9 | |
 Botswana | 600,370 | 1,990,876[16] | 3.3 | Gaborone |
 Lesotho | 30,355 | 2,130,819[16] | 70.2 | Maseru |
 Zimbabwe | 390,580 | 11,392,629[16] | 29.1 | Harare |
 Namibia | 825,418 | 2,108,665[16] | 2.6 | Windhoek |
 South Africa | 1,219,912 | 49,052,489[16] | 40.2 | Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Pretoria[23] |
 Swaziland | 17,363 | 1,123,913[16] | 64.7 | Mbabane |
| Western Africa: | 6,144,013 | 296,186,492 | 48.2 | |
 Benin | 112,620 | 8,791,832[16] | 78.0 | Porto-Novo |
 Burkina Faso | 274,200 | 15,746,232[16] | 57.4 | Ouagadougou |
 Cape Verde | 4,033 | 429,474[16] | 107.3 | Praia |
 Côte d'Ivoire | 322,460 | 20,617,068[16] | 63.9 | Abidjan,[24] Yamoussoukro |
 Gambia | 11,300 | 1,782,893[16] | 157.7 | Banjul |
 Ghana | 239,460 | 23,832,495[16] | 99.5 | Accra |
 Guinea | 245,857 | 10,057,975[16] | 40.9 | Conakry |
 Guinea-Bissau | 36,120 | 1,533,964[16] | 42.5 | Bissau |
 Liberia | 111,370 | 3,441,790[16] | 30.9 | Monrovia |
 Mali | 1,240,000 | 12,666,987[16] | 10.2 | Bamako |
 Mauritania | 1,030,700 | 3,129,486[16] | 3.0 | Nouakchott |
 Niger | 1,267,000 | 15,306,252[16] | 12.1 | Niamey |
 Nigeria | 923,768 | 149,229,090[16] | 161.5 | Abuja |
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (UK) | 410 | 7,637[16] | 14.4 | Jamestown |
 Senegal | 196,190 | 13,711,597[16] | 69.9 | Dakar |
 Sierra Leone | 71,740 | 6,440,053[16] | 89.9 | Freetown |
 Togo | 56,785 | 6,019,877[16] | 106.0 | Lomé |
| Africa Total | 30,368,609 | 1,001,320,281 | 33.0 | |
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