I-Azeri
Azerbaijani noma Azeri, ebizwa nangokuthi i-Azeri Turkic noma i-Azeri Turkish, iwulimi lwesiTurkic olukhulunywa ikakhulukazi Isi-Azabaijani, abahlala ikakhulukazi eRiphabhulikhi yase-Azerbaijan lapho kukhulunywa khona izinhlobonhlobo zaseNyakatho Azerbaijani, nasesifundeni sase- Azerbaijan e-Iran, lapho kukhulunywa khona izinhlobonhlobo ze-South Azerbaijani.Nakuba kunezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuqondana phakathi kwazo zombili izinhlobo zesi-Azerbaijani, kunomehluko omkhulu kuphonology, lexicon, morphology, syntax kanye nemithombo yamagama emalimboleko.
I-North Azerbaijani inesikhundla esisemthethweni eRiphabhulikhi yase-Azerbaijan nase-Dagestan (isihloko sombuso waseRussia) kodwa i-South Azerbaijani ayinaso isimo esisemthethweni e- Iran, lapho iningi labantu base-Azerbaijan lihlala khona. Kuphinde kukhulunywe namazinga ahlukene amancane emiphakathini yase-Azerbaijani yaseGeorgia naseTurkey kanye nemiphakathi ehlala kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika.
Zombili izinhlobo zesi-Azerbaijani zingamalungu egatsha le-Oghuz lezilimi zesiTurkic.Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesi-Azerbaijani saseNyakatho (esikhulunywa eRiphabhulikhi yase-Azerbaijan nase-Russia) lususelwe kulwimi lwesigodi lwase-Shirvani, kuyilapho i-Iranian Azerbaijani isebenzisa ulimi lwesigodi lwesi- Tabrizi njengezinhlobonhlobo zalo ezidumile.Kusukela i-Republic of Azerbaijan yakhululeka ngaphansi kweSoviet Union ngo-1991, inyakatho ye-Azerbaijani isebenzisa umbhalo wesiLatini.I-Iranian Azerbaijani ngakolunye uhlangothi ibilokhu isebenzisa futhi isaqhubeka nokusebenzisa umbhalo we- Perso-Arabic . -Azerbaijan luhlobene kakhulu ukuba Gagauz, Qashqai, Crimean Tatar, Turkish futhi Turkmen, ukwabelana ntshashintshe ka intelligibility mutual ngamunye lezo zilimi.
I-Etymology nesizinda
Ngokomlando lolu limi lwalubizwa ngabantu balo bomdabu ngokuthi Türki okusho ukuthi "Turkic" noma isi- Azərbaycan türkcəsi okusho ukuthi "Azerbaijani Turkish".Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe- Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, eyamukela igama elithi "Azerbaijan" ngezizathu zezombangazwe ngo-1918, igama elithi "Azerbaijan" lalisetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhomba isifunda esiseduze sasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Iran .Ngemva kokusungulwa kwe- Azerbaijan SSR, [1] ngomyalo womholi weSoviet u- Stalin, "igama lolimi olusemthethweni" lwe-Azerbaijan SSR "lashintshwa kusukela eTurkic kuya ku-Azerbaijani". [1]
Umlando nokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Isi-Azerbaijani savela egatsheni laseMpumalanga le- Oghuz Turkic ("Western Turkic")esasakazekela eCaucasus, eMpumalanga Yurophu,nasenyakatho ye-Iran, eNtshonalanga ye-Asia, ngesikhathi sokufuduka kweTurkic yasendulo . [2] IsiPheresiya nesi- Arabhu saba nomthelela olimini, kodwa amagama esi-Arabhu asakazwa ngokuyinhloko ngomxhumanisi wemibhalo yasePheresiya. [3]Isi-Azerbaijani, mhlawumbe silandela isi-Uzbek, ulimi lwesiTurkic isiPheresiya nezinye izilimi zase-Iranian eziye zaba nethonya elinamandla kulo—ikakhulukazi ku- phonology, syntax, nesilulumagama, kancane ku-morphology.
Ulimi lwesiTurkic lwase-Azerbaijan kancane kancane lwathatha indawo yezilimi zase-Iranian endaweni manje eyinyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Iran, kanye nezilimi ezihlukahlukene zeCaucasus nezilimi zase-Iranian ezikhulunywa eCaucasus, ikakhulukazi isi- Udi nesi- Azeri Esidala.Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, lase liwulimi oluvelele kule ndawo. Kwakuwulimi olukhulunywayo enkantolo yamaSafavids, Afsharid namaQajars.
Phakathi kuka c.Ngo-1900 nango-1930, kwakunezindlela eziningana ezincintisanayo zokuhlanganiswa kolimi lwesizwe endaweni manje eyi-Azerbaijan Republic, eyaduma izazi ezinjengoHasan bey Zardabi kanye noMmmad agha Shahtakhtinski.Ngaphandle komehluko omkhulu, wonke ayehlose ikakhulukazi ukwenza kube lula kubantu abangafundile ukufunda nokuqonda izincwadi.Bonke bakugxekile ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezakhi zesiPheresiya, isi-Arabhu, nesi-Europe kokubili ngolimi lwezwi nelokubhala futhi bafuna isitayela esilula nesithandwa kakhulu.
Ukunqoba kweRussia iTranscaucasia ngekhulu le-19 kwahlukanisa umphakathi wezilimi ezifundeni ezimbili; iSoviet Union yathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kolimi kodwa yalubuyisela emuva kakhulu ngokushintsha kombhalo okubili okulandelanayo - kusukela kusiPheresiya kuya kusiLatini bese kuya kumbhalo wesiCyrillic - kuyilapho ama-Iranian Azerbaijani aqhubeka nokusebenzisa umbhalo wesiPheresiya njengoba ayehlale enza.Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kabanzi kwesi-Azerbaijani e- Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, yaba ulimi olusemthethweni lwase-Azerbaijan kuphela ngo-1956. [4] Ngemva kwenkululeko, iRiphabhulikhi yase-Azerbaijan yanquma ukushintshela embhalweni wesiLatini olungisiwe.
Izincwadi zesi-Azerbaijani
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezincwadi zesi-Azerbaijani kuhlotshaniswa eduze ne-Anatolian Turkish, ebhalwe ngombhalo we-Perso-Arabic.Izibonelo zedethi yokuqoqwa kwayo eya ekhulwini le-14 noma ngaphambili.U-Kadi Burhan al-Din, u-Hesenoghlu, no- Imadaddin Nasimi basize ekusunguleni isi-Azerbaiijani njengolimi lokubhala ngekhulu le-14 ngokusebenzisa izinkondlo neminye imisebenzi.Umbusi nembongi u- Ismail I wabhala ngaphansi kwegama elithi Khatā'ī (elisho "isoni" ngesiPheresiya ) phakathi nekhulu leshumi nanhlanu. [5] [6] Phakathi nekhulu le-16, imbongi, umbhali nomcabango uFuzûlî wabhala ikakhulukazi ngesi-Azerbaijani kodwa wabuye wahumushela izinkondlo zakhe olimini lwesi-Arabhu nesiPheresiya . [5]
U-Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar ungumuntu obalulekile ezinkondlweni zase-Azerbaijani.Umsebenzi wakhe obaluleke kakhulu u- Heydar Babaya Salam futhi uthathwa njengohamba phambili wezincwadi zesi-Azerbaijani futhi wazuza ukuthandwa emhlabeni okhuluma isiTurkic.Yahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kuka-30.
Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, izincwadi zesi-Azerbaijani zazifundiswa ezikoleni zaseBaku, eGanja, eShaki, eTbilisi naseYerevan.Kusukela ngo-1845, iye yafundiswa naseSaint Petersburg State University eRussia.Ngo-2018, izinhlelo zolimi lwesi-Azerbaijani nezincwadi zinikezwa e-United States emanyuvesi amaningana, okuhlanganisa i- Indiana University, UCLA, kanye neNyuvesi yaseTexas e-Austin .Iningi, uma kungezona zonke izifundo zolimi lwesi-Azerbaijani ezifundisa isi-North Azerbaijani esibhalwe ngombhalo wesiLatini hhayi isi-South Azerbaijani esibhalwe ngombhalo we-Perso-Arabic.
Izincwadi zesimanje eRiphabhulikhi yase-Azerbaijan ngokuyinhloko zisekelwe olimi lwesigodi lwaseShirvani, kuyilapho esifundeni sase-Iranian Azerbaijan (i-Azerbaijan yomlando) zisekelwe kwese -Tabrizi.
