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Help:IPA/Japanese

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Japanese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Examples in the charts are Japanese words transliterated according to the Hepburn romanization system.

See Japanese phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Japanese.

Consonants
IPAExampleEnglish approximation
KanaRomanization
bばしょ, かびん, ヴァージョンbasho, kabin, vājonabout
bʲびょうきbyōkirebuke
çひと, ひょうhito, hyōhue
ɕした, いっしょうshita, isshōsheep
dどうも, どうどう dōmo, dōdōtoday
dz[1]ざぜん, あんぜん, キッズzazen, anzen, kizzu[2]cards
dʑ[1]じょじょ, かんじゃ, エッジjojo, kanja, ejji[2]jeep
ɸふじfujibetween pan and fan
ɡ[3]がっこう, りんご, ぎんこう gakkō, ringo, ginkōagain
ɡʲきぎょうkigyōargue
hほん, ははhon, hahahat
jやくしゃ, ゆずyakusha, yuzuyacht
kくる, はっきkuru, hakkiskate
kʲきょうかい, けっきょくkyōkai, kekkyokuskew
mみかん, せんぱい, もんもんmikan, senpai, monmonmuch
mʲみゃくmyakumute
nなっとう, かんたんnattō, kantannot
ɲにわ, こんにゃく, きんちょうniwa, konnyaku, kinchōcanyon
ŋ[3]りんご, なんきょくringo, nankyokupink
ɴ[4]にほん nihonroughly like long
pパン, たんぽぽpan, tanpopospan
pʲはっぴょうhappyōspew
ɾろく, そらroku, soraAmerican atom
ɾʲりょうりryōriAmerican party
sする, さっそうsuru, sassōsoup
tたべる, とってtaberu, tottestop
tɕちかい, けっちゃくchikai, ketchaku[2]itchy
tsつなみ, いっついtsunami, ittsui[2]cats
w[5]わさびwasabiroughly like was
ɰ̃[6]ふんいき, でんわ, あんしんfun'iki, denwa, anshinsin
z[1]ざぜん, つづくzazen, tsuzukuzoo
ʑ[1]みじかい, じょじょmijikai, jojovision
ʔあつっ！atsu'!uh-oh
Vowels
IPAExampleEnglish approximation
KanaRomanization
aあるarufather
eえきekibet
iいるirumeet
i̥[7]したshitawhispered meet
oおにonistory
ɯ[8]うなぎunagishoot
ɯ̥[7]すきやきsukiyakiwhispered shoot
Suprasegmentals
IPADescriptionExampleEnglish approximation
ːLong vowelhyōmei, ojiisanre-equalize
ꜜPitch drop[9][kaꜜki] (牡蠣, 'oyster'),
[kakiꜜ] (垣, 'fence')		/ˈmæri/ (marry),
/məˈriː/ (Marie)
.Syllabificationnin'i [ɲiɰ̃.i]higher /ˈhaɪ.ər/

Notes

References

  • Fujimoto, Masako (2015). "Vowel devoicing". In Kubozono, Haruo (ed.). Handbook of Japanese Phonetics and Phonology. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 167–214. doi:10.1515/9781614511984.167. ISBN 978-1-61451-252-3.
  • Kindaichi, Haruhiko; Akinaga, Kazue, eds. (2014). 新明解日本語アクセント辞典 (in Japanese) (2nd ed.). Tokyo: Sanseido. ISBN 978-4-385-13672-1.
  • Maekawa, Kikuo (2020). "Remarks on Japanese /w/". ICU Working Papers in Linguistics. 10: 45–52. doi:10.34577/00004625.
  • Maekawa, Kikuo (2023). "Production of the utterance-final moraic nasal in Japanese: A real-time MRI study". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 53 (1): 189–212. doi:10.1017/S0025100321000050.
  • NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, ed. (2016). NHK日本語発音アクセント新辞典 (in Japanese). Tokyo: NHK Publishing. ISBN 978-4-14-011345-5.
  • Vance, Timothy J. (2008). The Sounds of Japanese. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-5216-1754-3.

See also

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