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Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu

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This page contains Indic text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Hindustani (Hindi and Urdu) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Hindustani phonology, Devanagari, and Urdu alphabet for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Hindi-Urdu.

Key

Consonants
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
HindiUrduISO 15919
bबीसبیسbīscabbie
bʱभालूبھالوbhālūclubhouse
d[1]दालدالdālwidth, Spanish andar
dʱ[1]धूपدھوپdhūpadhere (but dental)
dʒजानجانjānbudging
dʒʱझड़नाجھڑناjhaṛnāhedgehog
ɖ[1]डालनाڈالناḍālnāAmerican bird
ɖʱ[1]ढक्कनڈھکّنḍhakkanAmerican birdhouse
fख़िलाफ़خلافk͟hilāffuss
ɡगोलگولgolago
ɡʱघरگھرgharloghouse
ʔ[2]एतबारاعتبارiʻtibār[a]The pause in "uh-oh!", butter (glottal stop)
ɣ[4]बाग़باغbāġSimilar to the French R
ɦहमہمhamahead
हुक्मحکمh̤ukm
jयादیادyādyuck
kकमज़ोरکمزورkamzorscab
kʰखालکھالkhālcab
lलबلبlableaf
mमगरمگرmagarmuch
nनहींنہیںnahī̃panther
ɳ[5]किरणکرنkiraṇAmerican burn
ŋरंगرن٘گraṅgbang
pपलپلpalspot
pʰफलپھلphalpot
q[4]क़रीबقریبqarībsomewhat like caught
r[6]रसرسrasTrilled ring
ज़र्राذرّہzarra
ɾ[6]ज़राذراzarāAmerican atom
ɽलड़नाلڑناlaṛnāAmerican garter
ɽʱपढ़ाईپڑھائیpaṛhāīno English equivalent
sसबسبsabsun
ʂ[5]नष्टنشٹnaṣṭshoe but retroflex
ʃकाशکاشkāśshoe
t̪[1]तालाबتالابtālābsimilar to outthink, Spanish tomar
लतीफ़ाلطیفہlat̤īfa
t̪ʰ[1]थैलाتھیلاthailātub (but dental)
t͡ʃचोरچورcorcatch
t͡ʃʰछोड़नाچھوڑناchoṛnāachoo
ʈ[1]टमाटरٹماٹرṭamāṭarstub (but retroflex)
ʈʰ[1]ठंडٹھنڈṭhanḍtub (but retroflex)
ʋ[7]वर्ज़िशورزشvarziśvat
w[7]पकवानپكوانpakvānwell
x[4]ख़राबخرابk͟harābScottish loch
z[4]काग़ज़کاغذkāġazzoo
ʒ[4]अझ़दहाاژدہاaždahāpleasure
Vowels
IPAExamplesEnglish approximation
HindiUrduISO 15919
aːकामکامkāmfather
eːजेबجیبjebScottish say
ɛ[8]रहनाرہناrêhnāpen
ɛːकैसाکیساkaisāfairy
əकलکَلkalabout
ɪजितनाجِتناjitnāsit
iːजीतनाجیتناjītnāseat
oːबोलोبولوboloScottish so
ɔːकौनکَونkaunAmerican saw
ʊउनاُنunbook
uːऊनاُونūnmoon
◌̃मैंمَیںmaiṁnasal vowel faun
([ãː, õː], etc.)
Suprasegmentals
IPAExampleNotes
ˈ◌[ˈbaːɦər]stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
◌ː[ˈʊtːəɾ pɾəˈdeːʃ]doubled consonant
(placed after doubled consonant)

Notes

See also

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