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Help:IPA/Old English

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The tables below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Old English pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Old English, or Anglo-Saxon, was an early form of English in medieval England. It is different from Early Modern English, the language of Shakespeare and the King James Bible, and from Middle English, the language of Geoffrey Chaucer.

See Old English phonology for more detail on the sounds of Old English.

Key

Consonants[1]
IPAExamplesModern English approximation
bbysig, lamb, habbanbusy
çnīht, tǣhte[2]hue
ddōn, fæder, land, biddando
dʒsengan, ecg[3]edge
ðōþer, eorþe[4]other
ffæder, ƿīf, offrian[4]father
ɡgōd, gnætt, geong[3]good
hhēah, hǣlþ[2]heaven
jgeong, nægl, ƿeg, gēa, bysig[3]year
kcyning, cnǣƿ, tusc, hnecca, axian[3][5]king
llufu, hǣlþ, næglleaf
ɫfeallan, eald, ƿlite[6]peal
l̥hlāf, hlehhan[7]whispered leaf
mmōdor, magan, lambmother
nnēah, cnēo, gnætt, land, habban, sunnenear
n̥hnutu, hnecca[7]whispered near
ŋgeong, drincanyoung
ppæþpath
rrǣdan, mōdor[8]read
rˠeorþe, steorra, ƿrang[6][8]ruff
r̥hring[7][8]whispered read
ssunne, missan, axian[4][5]sun
ʃsceadu, fisc[3]shadow
ttīd, hƿæt, settanstand
tʃcēace, ƿicce[3]cheese
vofer, lufu[4]over
ɣmagan, lagu, dagumSpanish fuego
w[9]ƿīf, cƿic, cnǣƿwife
ʍhƿā, hƿæt[7]what (some speakers)
xhēah, þurh, hlehhan[2]loch (Scottish English)
zbysiġ[4]busy
θþæt, pæþ, hǣlþ, siþþan[4]through
Vowels[10]
IPAExamplesModern English approximation
ɑaxian, sceadu, hnecca[11]cot (American English)
ɑːān, hlāf, hƿāfather
ææfter, fædercat
æːǣnig, hǣlþdad
eecg, fæderSpanish te
eːēþelsimilar to made
iilca, cƿic, hāligfeet
iːīsig, tīdneed
oofer, sceolde, heofon[11]thorn
oːōþer, mōdordoor
øeorþe[12]turn
øːgemœ̄tan[12]blur
uunder, geong, lufu[11]root
uːūtmood
yscyld, yfelFrench tu
yːfȳrGerman Dürer
Diphthongs
æɑealdmouth (Cockney)
æːɑēage, nēahnow (Cockney)
eoeorþe, heofonbed + rod
eːoēoƿu, dēorsnail (MLE)
iysiex[13]feet + French tu
iːynīehst[13]need + French tu
Suprasegmentals
IPAExamplesExplanation
ˈeorþe [ˈeorˠðe]stress mark (placed right before the stressed syllable)

Notes

Bibliography

  • Fulk, R. D. (April 17, 2012). "An Introduction to Middle English: Grammar and Texts". Broadview Press – via Google Books.

See also

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