Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Jin Chinese
The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for Jin Chinese (晉語), one of the Sinitic languages . All vocabulary are based on Jin Chinese in Wubu , Shaanxi Province.[1] [2]
Initial consonants[i] IPA Pinyin Examples[ii] ɕ x [sã˥˧ ɕ jəʔ˧] f [iii] f [tʰu˦˩˨ ɲjɑo̯˧ f ã˨˩˧ ʂəŋ˨˩˧] k g [swɛe̯˦˩˨ k wɤ˥˧ tsəʔ˨˩] kʰ k [kʰ wɤ˨˩˧ tʰo˧] l l [təŋ l ɑo̯r] m m [m əŋ˥˧ m əŋ˥˧] n n [kəʔ˦ n ɑe̯˦˩˨] ɲ [iv] nz [ɲ je˧ sɹ̩˨˩] ŋ ng [tswɤu̯˥˧ ŋ or˨˩] s s [s ã˨˦ sɛe̯˨˩˧] ʂ sh [ʂ je˦˩˨ sɛe̯˨˩˧] p b [p əŋ˨˩˧ lɑo̯˧] pʰ p [pʰ o˦˩˨ tu˥˧ tsəʔ˨˩] t d [t wəʔ˧ t ã˥˧] tʰ t [tʰ wɑe̯˨˩˧ no˧] tɕ j [so˦˩˨ tɕ jəʔ˧ tɛe̯˥˧] tɕʰ q [tɕʰ je˧ ʂɤu̯r˨˩˧] ts z [xwɑe̯˧ ts əʔ˨˩ pɑe̯˨˩˧] tsʰ c [pɛe̯˥˧ tsʰ ɑ˨˩˧ ljəʔ˨˩] tʂ zh [lwəŋ˧ tʂ ã˥˧] tʂʰ ch [tʂʰ ɑo̯˥˧ kwəʔ˧ tsəʔ˨˩] x h [x xəʔ˨˩ tɕjã˨˩˧ fã˥˧] ʐ [v] r [njã˦˩˨ ʦɛe̯˨˩˧ ʐ ər˥˧]
Tones IPA Numeric Tonal Examples[ii] Stand-alone tones ˨˩˧ [xi] ◌213 [xi] 陰平 (◌1 ) [zo ˨˩˧ ɲjo˦˩˨ ɲjo ˨˩˧] ˧ ◌33 陽平 (◌2 ) [lo˦˩˨ i ˧ xɤu̯ ˧] ˦˩˨ ◌412 上 (◌3 ) [lo ˦˩˨ pʰɤ˧ tsʰwɛe̯ ˦˩˨] ˥˧ ◌53 去 (◌4 ) [ʂəŋ ˥˧ xwə r˥˧] ʔ˧ ◌ʔ3 陰入 (◌5 ) [xɑo̯˧ tʂɑʔ ˧ tʰɑo̯r˥˧] ʔ˨˩˧ ◌ʔ213 陽入 (◌6 ) [sɑʔ˦ pɑʔ ˨˩˧ ʂɑo̯ ˨˩˧] Supplementary tonal changes ˨˩ [xii] ◌21 [xii] 輕 (◌0 ) [lɛe̯˨˦ wə ˨˩] ˨˦ ◌24 陰平 (◌1 )3 ) [tsʰu ˨˦ tɕjã˨˩] ʔ˦ ◌ʔ4 陰入 (◌5 )6 ) [sɑʔ ˦ pɑʔ˨˩˧ ʂɑo̯˨˩˧]
Comparisons Introductory guides