| IPA | Cyrillic | Latin | Arabic | English approximation |
|---|
| Consonants |
|---|
| b | б | b | ب | above | | β | somewhat like lava, but without the lips touching the teeth | | ɕ | ш, щ | ş, şç | ⟨ش⟩, ⟨شش⟩, | sheep | | d | д | d | د | dice | | f | ф | f | ف | fat | | ɡ | г | g | گ | agree | | h | һ | h | ھ | hat | | j | й | i | ي | yard, boy | | k | к | k | ك | skate | | l | л | l | ل | lie | | m | м | m | م | moon | | n | н | n | ن | no | | ɴ | ң | ñ | ڭ | somewhat like bong, but further back in the mouth | | ŋ | sing | | p | п | p | پ | spare | | q | қ | q | ق | somewhat like ska, but further back in the mouth | | ɾ | р | r | ر | GA atom | | ʁ | ғ | ğ | ع | French rouge | | s | с | s | س | sick | | t | т | t | ت | stick | | ts | ц | ts | تس | cats | | tɕ | ч | ç | چ | cheat | | v | в | v | ۆ | vase | | ɣ | г | g | گ | go but without completely blocking airflow on the g | | w | у | u | ۋ | water, low | | χ | х | h | ح | Scottish loch | | z | з | z | ز | zone | | ʑ | ж | j | ج | pleasure |
| | IPA | Cyrillic | Latin | Arabic | English approximation |
|---|
| Vowels |
|---|
| ɑ | a | a | ا | father | | æ | ә | ä | ٵ | cat | | e | е, э | e | ە | bed | | ə | ы | y | ى | about | | əj | и | i | ٸ | somewhat like price | | jɪ | е, э | e | ە | yell | | ɪ | і | ı | ٸ | kit | | o | о | o | و | somewhat like no | | ø | ө | ö | ٶ | nurse | | ʊ | ұ | ū | ۇ | wood | | ʏ | ү | ü | ٷ | somewhat like cute |
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