Consonants[1]IPA | AG | MG | Example | English approximation |
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c | | κ | κιόλας[2] | skew | k | κ, ξ | κατά, ξένος[3][2] | scar | kʰ | χ | | χάρτης[2] | car | x | | χ | Scottish English loch, German Bach | ç | | χέρι[2] | hue | j | ι | | εἴη[4] | toy yacht | ʝ | | γ | γη[2] | similar to yes | ɣ | | γάλα[2] | Spanish amigo | ɡ | γ | | again | | γκ γγ | εγκώμιο[2][5] | ɟ | | άγγελος[2][5] | argue | p | π, ψ | πέτρα, ψυχή[3] | spy | pʰ | φ | | φως | paint | f | | φ | four | v | | β, υ[6] | βέλος | vet | b | β | | about | | μπ | μπαμπάς[5] | w | υ | | παύω[4] | well | t | τ | τάφος | stay | tʰ | θ | | θεός | take | θ | | θ | thought | ð | | δ | δούλη | the | d | δ | | today | | ντ | εντάξει[5] | h | ῾◌ | | ἥρως[7] | hat | l | λ | λόγος | look | ʎ | | λ | ελιά | million | m | μ | μοίρα | mole | n | ν | ναι | no | ɲ | | ν | νιότη | onion | ŋ | γ | άγχος | sing | r | ρ | ώρα | similar to American English autumn or Scottish rule[8] | r̥ | ῥ | | ῥίζα | similar to train | s | σ, ς ξ, ψ | σοφός, ψυχή, ξένος[3] | between sip and ship (retracted) | z | ζ, σ | κόσμος, ζωή[3] | between zone and genre (retracted) | t͡s | | τσ | τσάι | between cats and catch (retracted) | d͡z | ζ | τζ | τζάκι | between buds and budge (retracted) | | VowelsMonophthongs |
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IPA | AG | MG | Example | English approximation |
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a | ᾰ | α | άρτος | Australian English father | aː | ᾱ | | χώρᾱ | father | ɛː | η | | ψυχή[9] | bed | e | ε[10] | θεός | bet | eː | ει | | εἰμί[9][11] | similar to bay but without the glide | i | ῐ | ι[9] | ίδιος | like neat | iː | ῑ | | πίνω[9] | like need | ɔː | ω | | ἐγώ[10] | talk (Irish or South African English) | o | | ω | similar to chore (American English) | ο[10] | οδός | uː | ου | | μου | similar to mood | u | | ου | pool | y | ῠ | | φύσις[9] | similar to few, French tu | yː | ῡ | | ψυχή[9] | similar to fume, French juge | Diphthongs[4] |
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IPA | AG | MG | Example | English approximation |
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ai̯ | αι | | αἴτιος, πάλαι, ψῡχαί[10] | tie | | αϊ[12] | γαϊδούρι | au̯ | αυ | | αὐτός[6] | how | | αου | Νικολάου | ei̯ | ει | | εἴη[9] | hey | | έι[13] | | eu̯ | ευ | | εὖ[6] | Italian and Spanish neutro | | εου | Θέουτα | oi̯ | οι | | οἶδα, λόγοι[9] | toy | | όι[14] | κορόιδο | yi̯ | υι | | υἱός[9] | Yeast | aːi̯ | ᾳ | | ᾄδω, χώρᾳ[15] | No English equivalent | ɛːi̯ | ῃ | | ᾖς, ψυχῇ[9][15] | No English equivalent | ɔːi̯ | ῳ | | ᾠδή, λόγῳ[15] | No English equivalent | |