The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Modern and Biblical Hebrew language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
Since Modern Hebrew has both non-Oriental and Oriental pronunciations in Israel, certain letters may be transcribed differently depending on the background of the speaker. See Modern Hebrew phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Hebrew.
| BH | MH | Letter(s) | Romanization | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | בּ (Beť dǝgušah) | b | bet | |
| d | דּ (Daleť dǝgušah) | d | dark | |
| ð | d | ד (Ďaleť rafah) | ď, dh, d | BH: this MH: dark |
| ɸ | f | פ ף (Fei rafah) | f or p̄ | fool |
| ɡ | גּ (Gimel dǝgušah) | g | go | |
| ɣ | ɡ | ג (Ǧimel rafah) | ǧ, gh, g | BH: Spanish fuego MH: go |
| h | ה (He) | h | hen | |
| ħ[1] | χ | ח (Ḥeť) | ḥ or ch | BH: hen but pharyngeal MH: Scottish loch |
| j | י (Yoď) | y | yes | |
| k | כּ ךּ (Kaf dǝgušah) | k | skin | |
| l | ל (Lameď) | l | left | |
| m | מ ם (Mem) | m | man | |
| n | נ ן (Nun) | n | no | |
| p | פּ (Pei dǝgušah) | p | spin | |
| q[1] | k | ק (Qof) | q or k | BH: cup, but uvular. MH: skin. |
| r[2] | ʁ | ר (Resh) | r | BH: trilled or tapped run. MH: French rouge |
| s | ס (Samekh) שׂ (Sin smalit) | s | see | |
| sˤ | ts[3] | צ ץ (Ṣadi) | ṣ, ts (or tz) | cats |
| ʃ | שׁ (Šin Yemanit) | š or sh | she | |
| t | תּ (Taw) | t | sting | |
| tˤ | t | ט (Ṭeť) | ṭ, t | sting |
| θ | t | ת (Ťaw) | ť, th, t | thing |
| β | v | ב (Veť rafah) | v | voice |
| w | v | ו (Vav) | v | BH: would MH: vote |
| x | χ | כ ך (Ǩaf rafah) | ǩ or ch/kh | Scottish loch |
| z | ז (Zayin) | z | zoo | |
| ʕ[1] | ʔ | ע (Ayin) | ʿ or ' | BH: No equivalent; Arabic 'ayn (ع) MH: uh-(ʔ)oh |
| ʔ | א (Alef) | ʾ or ' | uh-(ʔ)oh | |
| IPA | Letter(s) | Romanisation | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| dʒ[3] | ג׳ (Gimel with geresh) | ǧ or j | joy |
| ŋ | נג (Nun-Gimel) | ng | ring |
| ʒ | ז׳ (Zayin with geresh) | ž | beige |
| tʃ[3] | צ׳ ץ׳ (Ṣadi with geresh) | č or ch | chair |
| θ[4] | ת׳ (Tav with geresh) | th | thing |
| ð[4] | ד׳ (Dalet with geresh) | th | the |
| w[5] | וו (double Vav) | w | we |
| ɣ[6] | ע' (Ayin with geresh) | gh |
| BH | MH | Letter(s) | Romanization | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a |  (Patach) | a | father | |
| e |  (Zeire) | e | Scottish bay | |
| ɛ | e |  (Segol) | ɛ, e | BH: bed MH: Scottish bay |
| ə |  (Shva) | ǝ, e | BH: comma | |
| i | י (Hiriq-Yud), (Hiriq) | i | see | |
| o |  (Holam alone), וֹ (with any mater lectionis) | o | story | |
| ɔ | o |  (Kamatz katan) | ɔ, o | BH: off MH: story |
| a | (Kamatz) | ɔ, a | BH: maw MH: father | |
| u | וּ (Vav with shuruk),  (Kubutz) | u | boot | |
| IPA | Letter(s) | Romanization | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|
| ei | י (Segol-Yud), (Zeire) | ei | day |
| ai | י (Patach-Yud), י (Kamatz-Yud) | ai | why |
| oi | וֹי (Vav with holam male-Yud) | oi | boy |
| ui | וּי (Vav with shuruq-Yud) | ui | two years |
| ao (rare) | אוֹ (Alef-Vav) | ao | cow |
| ju (rare) | יוּ (Yud-Vav with shuruk) | yu | cute |
| ij (rare) | יְ(Hiriq-Yud with Shva Nach) i.e. "נִיְלֵן" [nijˈlen] | iy | like see |
| IPA | Explanation |
|---|---|
| ˈ | Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable): אֹכֶל ('food') /ˈʔoχel/, אוֹכֵל ('eating' [participle]) /ʔoˈχel/ |
| ˌ | Secondary stress, e.g. הַאֻמְנָם? ('oh, really?') /ˌhaʔumˈnam/ |
| ː | Long vowels (in Tiberian Hebrew) can be transcribed using the IPA gemination sign ː: the word for "hand" would be יָד /jaːd/ in absolute state and יַד־ /jad/ in construct state.[7] Indicating normative consonant gemination uses a double consonant: גַּנָּב ('a thief') /ɡanˈnav/ not /ɡaˈnːav/ |
Notes
See also
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